The Optical Magic Lantern Journal (January 1900)

AXE BRAND RAPID FLASH-LIGHT POWDER—Contains no explosives.

AXE BRAND FLASH-LIGHT CARTRIDGES—Sufficient to photograph an interior.

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© MAGI LANTERN

JOUBRNAL
And Photographic Qnlarger.

A Magazine of Popular Science for the Lecture-Room
and the Domestic Circle.
WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE ‘''LANTERN WORLD.” g

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{Entered at Stationers’ Hall.]

Vol. 11.—No. 128. JANUARY, 1900. Price 2d., Post Free 3d.
CINEMATOGRAPH wii s.cia ine 00), SHORTEST GIVES LARGE, LENSES, cacu 288,
“ OPTIMUS ” mpey LANTERNS «reo ror DRAWING ROOM +c LECTURE HALL.

Each Lantern is efficient for Lectures and Exhibitions. The
ens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic

Russian Tron Brass Stage Photographic combination, with Rack and Pinion, Compound
Body, 63s. ana Condenser of 4 inches diameter, Three- Wick Refulgent Lamp.
£s. da.
Focus Tubes. Japanned Metal Body, 21s. .. os Biyerioy 110 O
Mahogany outside body 212 0
Russian Iron Body, Brace Sliding Tube. . 330
STOCKS’ LAMP Mahogany outside body, Panelled Door, Brass
Stages, and Three- draw Sliding Tubes .. 5 5 0

to any of our

Hood
Lanterns, 15s. | noe Gas Burner, Tray, and Hooc 43s. extra.
extra. Either of the above’ ‘systems in lieu of oil Lamp, “Ws. 6d.
“Optimus” Bi-unial Lantern for Limelight. Brass Stages
7 and Sliding Tube, £10 10s.
PRICE LISTS POST FREE. STOCKS’ PATENT LAMP, 109 candle-power, 28s.
PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, “ioscm':ivc:’ LONDON. ‘OPTIMUS.’
5 5 HOLBORN VIADUCT, a e
PACA AR a gg SR a eR ce ee va Pe
E B Manufacturer of Every Description of Trade
° R oO WY N, Specialities, Limelight Apparatus, &c.

The Stedman- = Automatic Oxygen Generator ¥® HisH POWER Jer.

Withont Noise.

is a complete and perfect oxygen
outfit. With it Pure Oxygen in
any quantities can be made for
13d. per foot.

PRICE &6 Os. Od.

OST TERT ET SE a =
Complete with Rings for making The finest and best finished Jet on the Market

Oxygen Cakes. a oe
Complete with Polished Brass Tray.

New List, Just Ready, Post Free to Any Part of the World.

Dealers and others requiring Special Apparatus Manufactured and
placed on the market should write for quotations. Best Work at
Low Prices.

F, BROWN, 13, Gate Street, LONDON, W.C.

Clement & Gilmer, J sste are the Sole Continental aoeiie for the Generator.

“TRILBY” LIMES are Eee ee

AXE BRAND INTENSIFYING CARTRIDGES. AXE BRAND REDUCING CARTRIDGES.

SOLE AGENTS:—FUERST BROS., 17, PHILPOT LANE, EC

For Particulars see Advertisement on
inside of this cover.

‘TRILBY” LIMES.

il. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger

ARCHER’S LANTERN SPE CIALITIES.
: The ‘IDEAL’ Lantern. Che Lantern of the Future.

IDEAL” Dissolver for Single Lanterns.
Improved Blow-through Safety Jet, 146s. The finest extant, 500 candle-power.
NEW SETS OF SLIDES.

The Cunard Steamships. Overland Trip to Venice. New Liverpool. Old Liverpool.
READINGS, 6d. each. SLIDES, 1s. each.
CINEMATOGRAPHS and all Apparatus for Animated Photographs.

: Photographic Goods. Illustrated Catalogue Free. Postage Idd.
Will show any distance from 1 to 100 feet PROPRIETORS OF WORMALD'S SPECIALITIES. USE THEIR WORLD-
from Sheet. RENOWNED MASKS AND BINDERS.
Price £8 15s. complete.

Plainer Finish, £6 6s. complete. ARCHER & SONS, Sna'wanafsccarers, (1 & 73, Lord St., LIVERPOOL.

Enthusiastic Testimonials from Pyvt Lanoe, Fsq., 3 - ;
‘he Manchester Camera Club, and many others. Dark-room for trying Lanterns, etc. Workshops on the premises.

The .. Manufactured from the Highest-grade Lime known to Science.
They are accurately turned, and true in the pin-hole, and we

e 99 claim them to be absolutely the most durable and perfect

66 Lime ever placed on the market. « * * * .
All goods guaranteed as represented, and are packed
in airtight tins or glass cells to suit the customer.

WHOLESALE ONLY FROM

Nottingham W. H. ASSENDER & Co., Ltd.,

The “Trilby” Jncandescent Lime Tlorks,

e
Forest Hill, LONDON, England.
S, ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF Discs, PENCILS, Medium, Harp

anp Sorr Limes. Telegrams: “ ssender, Loadon."

ACETYLENE GAS °
gack.ec OPTICAL LANTERNS, dc. War Fitma.

For complete Catalogue write to
THORN & HODDLE
1, Tothill St., bilan eg S.W.,

Ww here Appar: atus can
always be seen in use.

Tue Borer ARTILLERY (the Creuzot Guns)—

‘Lone Tom"? FirING—MOUNTING A QO LB. BOER

Howitzer, taken by permission before being
supplied by the French. :

x= 1,500 GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Films printed for Acetylene to Order.

HARRISON & CO., 66, Berners St, W.
WoonD’s oe Oe JET.’’

This Jet, which is constructed on the Ejector principle.
has had its internal construction slightly modified by the
addition of a coned head to the central or oxygen tube.
The effect of this is to increase the brilliancy of the
light given. It is the best Blow-through on the Market
and absolutely safe. °

Spectacle and
Photographic Price
Lists Post Free,

PRICE.

With Bevel Wheel Adjustment and Lime Shield £1 11 6
With Double Cut-off Taps.. aes - 2100

Send for Wood’s Catalogue of Lanterns and Slides on Sale or
Hire, post free, three stamps.

E. G. WOOD, ! & 2, Queen Bececc E LONDON.

Please mention this. Journal when corresponding with ‘Advertisers.

WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE ‘“‘LANTERN WORLD.”

Vol. 11.—No. 128. .

JANUARY, 1900.

Price 2d., Post-free 3d.

CONTENTS.
PAGE

Notes Sy abibe yh pe ig
A Lanternist’s Creed
Ripple on Waves . a ee ee
How Cinematograph Machines Work
Cycling and Lanternising Be er Cogs
Lantern Screens, Sheets and Frames
Silhouette Slides for the Optical Lantern > ‘cst. Gawe 2 8
Some Points in Regard to Oil Lamps. . eee eee”
New Apparatus .. .. .. He Ro ee Use: coer at. Sao ee. 26 0
Patent Intelligence .. ., .. es ba aes ae Sar Ga ae, aa AT
Correspondence .. .. .. ., Cae ee ae ee SG |
Notesand Queries .. .. ., .. Sie ist de Si ads Sek ae OD

NOTICES.

TuE Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic
Enlarger is issued on the 1st of every month, price Two
Pence, and may be obtained from all Newsvendors,
Railway News Stalls, Photographic Dealers, or from
the Publishers, at the following rates, post free :—

12 months, 3/-. United States, 75 cents.

Exonancre Column, General Wants, &c. (not Trade)—
First 20 words, 6d.; and for every 3 additional
words, ld.

SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS muat reach the office not
later than the first post on the 24th of each month. All
cheques and postal orders to be made payable to the
Magic Lantern Journal Company, Limited.

EDITORIAL communications must be addressed,
J. HAY TAYLOR, Advertisements and business
communications to THE MAGIC LANTERN
JOURNAL Com PANY, Limited, 9, Carthusian
Street, London, E.C.

Amerioan Agents :—The International News Co., 83
and 85, Duane Street, New York City.

Nop wwi

oA flapby New

~~

| Index for 1899.—With this number we issue
the index for the past year. Those who keep
the parts each month and bind them at theend
of the year can, as usual, get binding cases
from our publishers post free for 1s. 13d.
Bound volumes for 1899 are now ready, price
3s., postage 4d. extra.

oad ee >

Cinematograph Fire.—One should always
be. careful to have cinematograph film auto-
matically wound up as it passes through the
machine. The film when thus tightly wound is
very difficult to ignite even if held in a flame
for a short time, whereas if it is loosely coiled
up it will readily blaze. During a Primrose
League meeting at Farnborough on the 7th ult.,
by some means or other the film used with the
lantern ignited and the lantern became ablaze.
A panic ensued, people got knocked down,
and windows had to be broken in order to allow
' of a speedy egress.

2 7 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Change of Address.—We note that Mr.
Philipp Wolff, the well-known dealer in
cinematographic pictures, has removed from
Southampton Street, Holborn, to 46, Strand,
W.C.

nad bead ~

Calcium Carbide Explosion.—On Novem-

ber 6th occurred an explosion of a calcium :
carbide furnace in the Dominion Carbide Gas ©

Works near Ottawa. There was a fire in the
neighbourhood at the time, and the water
flowed down into the carbide furnace. As a
result the whole furnace blew up, injuring 15
men. The carbide flew in chunks about the |
size of a man’s fist, but one mass of carbide
weighing a thousand pounds was blown through
one of the factory doors. Eye witnesses of the
catastrophe state that as the explosion occurred
the building was filled with flames as well as

smoke and the fumes of the carbide, and the ‘

people were almost overpowered. The fumes
were so strong that the whole vicinity of the
factory smelled strongly of the gas.
to the Ratlway Review, the force of the
explosion was felt all over the vicinity.

~ baad baad

‘The Absent-Minded Beggar’ Slides.—
A set of nine slides to illustrate Mr. Rudyard
Kipling’s poem, ‘‘ The Absent-Minded Beggar,”
has been introduced by Riley Brothers, Limited,
of Bradford.

bead ad >

Acetylene Installation.—A town (Tata-
Tovaros) in Hungary, of 12,000 inhabitants, :
has adopted acetylene for illuminating purposes.
The generating plant is contained in a building
26 feet by 13 feet, and consists of practically
two plants which can be used either alternately
or together. Gas which is generated by carbide
falling into the water passes through a coiled
cooler and a chemical purifier, and into two
gasometers, thence through drying cylinders
into a pressure regulator and into the main for
distribution. There are about 5 miles of
piping, 160 street lamps, and about 300 house
burners. The whole plant and piping, which
cost about £3,500, only requires the services of
two men to keep it in operation.

~ ~ > : |

Kodak. — Kodak (Limited) announce a |
dividend of 14 per cent. on the Preference issue,
making 6 per cent. for the year ending the 31st
ult., and an interim payment of 23 per cent. on

the Ordinary shares, both payable on and after
January Ist.

\

According |

A Lanternist’s Creed.

pe Rev. C. H. Woolston, of the
} East Baptist Church, Philadelphia,
U.S.A., has formulated the follow-
ing lantern Creed, after 13 years
of illustrated work.

He states :—

I BELIEVE:

In the sacred use of the Lantern.

The Lantern has come to stay.

An ounce of picture is worth a ton of talk.

pepo

Sound often goea in one ear and out the other,
but a picture never goes in one eye and out
the other.

Solomon said: ‘‘The hearing ear and seeing
eye, the Lord hath made even both of
them.’'—Prov. xx., 12.

I believe in using them both, and the Lantern
is my agent.

on

6. The Old Testament ‘' Rainbow ” was a picture
on the sky—the first Lantern slide.

7. That when Abraham was shown the stars, and
told to count them, that the Lord was
reaching his heart by the eye gate and ear
gate combined—this ia all the Lantern will
do. It was good enough for Abraham, it ie
good enough for me.

S. That on the third day the Lord came down in
sight of all the people upon Mt. Sinai—It was
a picture of light and fire—and the Lantern
makes shining the truth—‘‘in sight of all
the people.”

9. It brings the children to church, and they
understand the truth.

10. It helps the believer; catches the eye and
heart of the unsaved.
11. Itis God's work in God's way. Come and see.

Cc. H. WOOLSTON.

Every Sunday evening lantern services are
held here, and on other evenings concerts and
lectures are given in a special lecture room
adjoining the church. The former has seating
capacity for 500, and the latter, which is a
handsome building, contains 946 assembly
chairs, and is illuminated by 169 electric lamps.

The following invitation, which is sent out by
this church, may perhaps appear a little odd to
people in England :-—

“Tf your Church is closed, come with us.

« We would like to

“C.U.B.A.

‘Member of the congregation.”

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

iii.

GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS.

PROFESSIONAL lanternist and cinematographist
A of great experience is open to engagements, with
or without his own apparatus, in town or country, on
very moderate terms. Reference, Editor of this Journal.
—Addrese, Optics, 13, York-street, Walworth, London.

UNIQUE collection of about 2,000 coloured slides,
including views of Palestine, South America,
London, Paris, Italy, Spain, Egypt, etc., etc., many
having cost a guinea each; alsoa number of cinemato-
graph films, good subjects, condition almost as new.
end reasonable offer to S. T.,c/o R. Cuthbert, Hudders-
field.

‘ \ J ANTED, bi-unial lantern, highest class only, with
large diameter, long focus lenses; must be cheap.
—Particulars to Bi-unial, c/o OpricaL LANTERN JOURNAL

OTICE to Exhibitors.—Wilkinson & Company, the

old-established slide painters, are open to colour

plain photo slides in superior manner, suitable lime or

electric light. Collodion wet plate workers; negatives,

positives, etc., made.—15, Holmeside, Sunderland.
Established 1859.

LIDES gratis.—To lanternists williug to accept them,
Peek, Frean & Co., the biscuit manufacturers.
Drummond-road, London, S.E., are prepared to lend
without charge and to send post free, a set cf four
coloured magic lantern | slides representing four
of their advertisement pictures.
\ J ANTED, 20 feet Brin’s oxygen cylinder; in perfect
order; cheap; also injector jet.—Williame,
Knaresborough House, Earl's Court.

Geen arr tren coloured slides; 24 Christ's Life,

9 Star of Bethlehem, 4 Holy City, 7 Better Tiand,
5 Green Hill, 3 Ora Pro Nobis; price 5d. each.— Hughes,
72, Biddulph-street, Highfields, Leicester.

THE TRANSVAAL AND THE

ANDSOME bi-unial lantern ; triple condensers,

four seta lenses, powerful jets, duplex regulators,

gauges, 16 feet sheet, and about 80 first quality hand-

drawn and painted slides and mechanical « ffects; may

be seen any afternoon ; will sell cheap or let out on hire.
—E. G. Thorne, 32, Brook-street, Kennington, S.E.

INEMATOGRAPH filma, second-hand, good sub-
jects, first-rate condition: bargains; list free.
Also a Paul cinematograph with lantern complete on
tripod, £6.—Morley, S, Liverpool-street, King's Cross,
London.
RANSVAAL War.—50 photographic slides, 303. ;
several aets, best hand painted; life model slicer,
9s. dozen; 24 comic moving slides, 6s.: lecturer’s
lantern, 15s —Lewis Forbes, Hounslow,

OWERGUL bi-unial lantern complete; two 40 feet

oxygen cylinders, two Beard’s regulators and

gauge, 20 feet eheet; cost £24; sell £10 lot or separate.—
Fred Hulse, Studio, Longton.

l PHOTOGRAPHIC slides of the present war, 4d.
each ; send for list; approval.—Roland, 61, Cap-
worth-street, Levton, London, E.

WAR.

OPTICAL LANTERNS AND SLIDES OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY ONLY.

THE TRANSVAAL AND THE WAR.
EACH.

175. “ Three Cheers for the Queen "—
Her Majesty inspecting House-
hold Brigade at Windsor.

76, Right Hon. Cecil Rhodes.

PLAIN SLIDES is.

56. General Piet Joubert.

57. Boer surprising a British Pro- |
vision Train.

5k. Ladysmith Camp —- Serving ont

LIST OF NEW SLIDES

For Season 1899-1900.

Alice Through the Looking Glass.
Animals and Birds from Life. By R. B.

Rations to Men of the Rorder | 77. Sir Alfred Milner. Lod E
Mounted Rifles. 78. Lient.-Gen. Lord Methuen, C.B., 0 ge, sq. .
59. Pietermaritzburg—General View. commanding the Ist Division in Astronomical Work Physics
60. Boe Prisoners on the way to South Africa. Observatory.
jetermaritzburg. 79. Difliculties of Transport—Field . ‘ .
61. Hussar Advance Guard discover- Rattery fording River in Flood. Australia. - Up Country Scenes.
ing the Fnemy. : 80. Battle of Klandslaagte—Tending Belgium. .
62. vere eo Rifles with their nae oe a une Tee Burmah and Burmese Life.
un Detachment. | 81. Bringin -oundec pack into ; . ;
63, Naval Brigade passing through |! Ladysmith, Butterflies from Life.
Ladysmith. 82. British Soldiers taking cover on Canterbury City and Cathedral.
64. Troops on the way to Elands- the Veldt. China and Chinese Life.
laagte. 83. Milton Prior's Sketch of the yl +i +
65. The Gordons march to the Rattle- ; Rattle of Ladysmith. Elements of Agriculture.
field of Elandslaagte. 84. Battle of Lombard’s Kop, October Flowers. 3
66. Ambulance Waggon on the way 30th—Sir George White and Statt Lang's Fairy Tales.
to Flandslaagte. under Fire. iy oO.
87. Enemy's Shell bursting by Gen. 85, Battle of Rietfontein—Boer Shell saree joe
White. bursting among the Lancers. eteorology. : .
68. Devons, Manchesters,andGordons | 86. Battle of Rictfontein —In the Pictures from National and Tate Galleries.
ene the ae Guns. nived Firing Line. South Africa.
69. Advance of Gordons at Elands- &7. A Veterinary Corporal of sth : zy Ves gst
laaste, : Lancers spearing two Boers with Stations of the Cross from Wood Carvinge.
70. Charge of 5th Lancers at Elands- : one thrust. St. Paul’s Cathedral.
aa aes 88. Colonel Baden Powell's answer to Thames, The River.
71. C Squadron of 5 zancers among ommandant Cronje’s demand j 's S
the Boers, for the surrender of Mafeking, The Life of the Wheat Plant from Seed to
72. Tapping the Telegraph Wires and | 89. The LeicestershireRegiment being . Seed.
Telephoning to Ladysmith. i shelled on retiring towards Wireless Telegraphy.
73. Charge of Cavalry at Bester's Ladysmith.
Farm. 90. A Native Runner with Despatches ——S
74. 10th Hussars steaming out of for Ladysmith.

Liverpool on Board the “Colum- |
bian,” November 5th.

This List will be added to.
NEw

New Detailed Ilustrated Catalogue of Lanterns and Slides, 6 stamps.

NEWTON & Co., 3, Fleet St., LONDON.

SERIEs.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHS.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

iv.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS. — Continued

ANTERN slides.—London streeta and buildings, the
Zoo, St. Paul’s, Westminster, Kensington Palace,
Winchester, Canterbury, North Devon, sunsets, Break-
ing waves, Paris; first-rate slides at 6s. the dozen;
catalogue 3d., lists free; Hampton Court vine 1s., The
Queen's residences, five slides, 4s8.—John Stabb,
Babbacombe-road, Torquay.

“N RAND new effect sets in exquisite hand painting,
original and novel; as supplied to most of the
leading places of entertainment in London and the
provinces; every description of optical effect for stage
work, skirt dancera and illusionists; new dioramic set,
The Mistress of the Seas; an up-to-date sea fight; set of
seven paintings and effects with new movements; send
for lists. Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

ee series of effects for single lanterns in various
‘ classes of work; an entirely new departure.—
Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

UPID and the Opening Roze ; the finest mechanical

Good Night slide ever designed; in best hand

painting; four mechanical movements.—Edmund H.
Wilkie, as below.

URTAIN slides, 2s. 6d. ; beautifully painted Scripture

subjects, 23. 6d.; effect seta from 5s.; all good

sound work that will bear magnifying to 20 feet square;
send for lists Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

HINA of to-day; an unique and entirely original set

of 80 magnificent views, showing the scenery,
historic spots, remarkable Palaces and Temples of this
intensely interesting Empire, now published for the first
time. These views are the finest ever produced for the
lantern on the subject of the Celestial Empire, and
include photos of Palaces and Temples ordinarily
inaccessible; send for lists —Edmund H. Wilkie, as

pelewe ecg

\ JAR pictures fresh from week to week; Boer
j Artillerymen from life, Bechuanaland Police,

Mounted Police ; all full length figures carefully coloured ;

2s. 6d. per slide-—Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

* CYOLAR” mixed gas high power jet (patent applied

for), the ideal lantern jet, the most powerful and
perfect jet yet produced for use in single, bi-unial or
triple lanterns; send for illustrated descriptive circular.
—Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

“CYOLAR” high power jets (patent applied for)

embrace many important improvements and give
an immensely powerful and concentrated pure white
light; send for particulars and lists. —Edmund H.
Wilkie, as below.

“ erie high power jets—On account of the

absolutely perfect combination of the gases, full
value is obtained for every inch of gas consumed.—
Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

us OLAR" high power jets are the most highly

finished and beautifully constructed limelight
jets extant; the work being executed by scientific
mathematical instrument makers, and not ordinary
brass workers.—Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

‘““CYOLAR ” high power jets are adapted for any purpose

for which a limelight is required; their interior
formation causes them to work smoothly and silently
under all pressures and circumstances.—Edmund H.
Wilkie, as below.

| travelling case,

A 7ILKIE'S improved triple and bi-unial lanterns
embody the concentrated essence of a quarter of
acentury’s practical experience at the late Royal
Polytechnic Institution and elsewhere. Lanterns of
other makers made to register. Mathematical precision
guaranteed. Advice and assistance given in cases of
difficulty. Write or call; send for lists.—Edmund H.
Wilkie, as below.

ILKIE’S ‘‘Solar’’ flint limes are made with the
grea'est care, are accurately turned and drilled,
and composed of selected magnesian limestone; the
finest extant; ordinary size, 23. 9d. per dozen, post free ;
large size, 11 inches in diameter, a noble lime, per half
dozen, 2s. 3d. post free, packed in air tight tins; Jan-
terpists once using these magnificent limes will use no
other.—Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

ECOND-HAND.—Noakes's triple diasolver complete,
cost 63s., price 30s. (quite new) ; doub!e achromatic
objective, 94 inch focus rackwork, 18s.; pair of rack
jackets with barrel lenses to pull out, fine quality,
double achromatic, 35s. the pair ; thoroughly good lime-
light jet, platina tip, cog wheel mation, 10s. ; beautifully
made single lantern in travelling case, cost £12 12s., 4
inch condenser, telescopic brass fronts, finely finished
mahogany body fitted with tray for limelight; magnifi-
cent 2 plate objective (Perken & Rayment’s quick acting
portrait, cost £6 63.), price £7 complete ; a great bargain.

—Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.

HOLE plate portrait lens by Jansin, Paris,
V beautiful lantern objective, cost £5, price £2 2s. ;
large number of slides of all classes, second-hand, cheap,
to clear accumulation; great bargains; a few splendidly
written MSS. lectures, late the property of Bridgman
Smith, Esq., of the Royal Polytechnic, to be disposed of ;
cheap.— Edmund H. Wilkie, 114, Maygrove-road, West
Hampstead, London.

FINE coloured slides of South Africa, Transvaal,
5 Natal, with views of Estcourt, Colenso, Lady-
smith, etc.; with lecture, 22s.—A. Slade, 87, Railway-
street, Cardiff.

COLOURED slides present war, up to date, 40s. ;
6 or gent’s bicycle in exchange.—Riley, Mile Bank,
Manchester.
i eee triple lantern by well-known London
l maker, complete, in Spanish and rosewood case ;
43 inch condenser, 2 sets of gas jets, solid brass fronte,
stand, 18 feet linen sheet, frame,
curtains; all complete, cost £55, cash £20; take gold
watch and guard, part exchange; seen any time.—J.
Bate, 67, Wellington-street, Bradford, Manchester.
V ANTED, complete sets of lantern slides, second-

hand, in good condition for hiring out trade.—

Address, ptical, c/o Optican LANTERN JOURNAL.

NGEL offect slides; cloud studies, _ brilliant

illumination ecenes ; cheap for cash ; also scripture

figure subjects, Lite of Christ (Newton & Co.); 25

Transvaal and the war.—Write, G., Trevona, Beverley-
road, Higham's Park, Chingford.

SET OF “IN HIS STEPS”

For SALe or Hire.
Good Second-hand Slides to clear, Cheap. Lists Free.

Tr. XT. WING, Chatteris, Cambs.

ANTED, addresses of lantern slide makers; good
orders can be placed.—Lists, etc., to Slides, c/o
Optical LANTERN JOURNAL.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 3

Ripple on Waves.

By H. W.

OME passages in one of the recent
numbers of the Optican Maaic
LanTeRN JouRNAL remind me of a
peculiar way in which a sunrise set
of dissolving views was painted for
me in Iiondon some months ago—

©) and I venture to hope that my remarks

may not be without utility for slide
painters, who seem too often to execute their
work in a very mechanical routine and
unreflecting fashion.

The set in question professes to depict sun-
rise at sea. To say nothing of the clouds which
are absurdly unnatural, the sun rises, not in the
centre of the view—the position surely the best in
such a picture where the rising luminary must be
the main object of the spectator’s attraction, and
that in which Turner places his setting suns—
but at one side. Worse than this, however,
the ripple of light on the waves is made to lie
in a path perpendicular to the horizon, a
direction it can follow only

when it is central.

This of course is a glaring blunder, while the
position chosen for sun or moon in such a view,
it may be contended, is merely a question of
taste or judgment. Gross, however, as this
blunder is, it is far too frequent in “ effect
slides ’’ for the magic lantern.

Whatever the position of the sun or moon or
other luminaries in the picture, the ripple caused
by the reflection on the waves must follow a
line towards the position of the spectator,
which is of course always equidistant from
either side limit of the picture, 7.e., central,
although usually below the base.

To prove this optically and mathematically
would not be difficult but would probably take
up too much space.
to Nature at once. If these slide painters who
give us such false optics in their pictures will
take a walk any night by the Thames, a harbour,
or any other water when it is ever so slightly
agitated, and when the moon is shining, or the
reflection of lamps is visible, they need only the
commonest observation to convince them that
all the paths of light reflected from the lamps,
etc., converge towards the point at which the
observer is situated. They should accordingly
in a picture be made to follow paths which
would meet at that point, for only that path of
light can be perpendicular to the horizon
which proceeds from
luminary.

In a question of art—go |

a centrally placed |

Cycling and Lanternising.
By ALBERT TRANTER.

(Ee
CPE unne is a great deal of truth in the

old saying that all work and no
play makes Jack a dull boy, and for
that reason the indulgence in such
pleasures as cycling and lanternising
will always have the effect of making
the devotees of such pastimes or hobbies

realise that there is something in
this world to make them happy, and that by
such indulgence they can give pleasure to other
people as well, and my idea in writing this is to
suggest that those who combine the pleasures of
cycling and photography should think, on
setting out on a tour, whether there is any
place or object on the route which, when
photographed, would be of interest to the literary
brethren of the optical lantern. I am sure
there are many places in different parts of the
British Isles which would pay for being photo-
graphed and supplied as lantern slides to
students of English literature. Such subjects
could be exchanged or sold, and in the latter
case they ought to be supplied at the rate of not
more than 6s. a dozen, and not 12s. per dozen,
as some dealers ask for plain slides. The use of
a good camera for this work, fitted with a Zeiss
or Goerz lens, would be desirable, but not one
that is too heavy. I venture to think that
many a pleasant Saturday afternoon could be
spent in this way, provided the cyclist did not
object to the slight extra weight to be carried on
his machine.

sisi > See~< sii |

How Cinematographic Machines
work.—No. X.

By MAGNET.

ANY interesting points in the
construction of cinematographs are
embodied in the invention of

ae Se Stafford-Noble and Liddle. These

yer consist mainly in the feeding of the

324 film forward and perforating. Their

Za methods of accomplishing this will be

= easily understood by the accompanying
views of their machine, Fig. XXIV. being a side
elevation, and Fig. XXV. a front elevation.
Upon a base a are mounted two side frames
BB with cross bars B', adapted to carry the

4 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

mechanism. Above the frames BB is arranged
the spindle c, carried in the blocks p with
adjusting screws F, attached to rods F sliding
in standards a, fixed to side frames BB and
provided with adjusting screws H. By this
means the height of spindle c may be adjusted
to accommodate the spools of film of varying
diameter. Upon one end of the spindle c and

rotating freely thereon is placed the spool of |

film J, which is to be passed through the
machine.

The film x passes from the spool 3 down-
wards through the gate L, which consists of a
rectangular metal frame lined with plush; the
gate closing over the film x in such a manner as
to offer a slight frictional resistance to the down-
ward motion of the film.

Behind the gate is arranged the shutter o,

consisting of a short metal tube with one end ;

closed and attached to the spindle r carried in

bearings in side frames BB. Openings are
formed in the tube so as to retain preferably
two equal segments opposite to one another.
On rotating the shutter at a suitable speed the
segments will intercept the passage of light
through the apparatus for a short period, and
twice during each revolution of said shutter.
After leaving the gate the film, proceeding
downwards, passes partly round the looping
roller q, carried by the rocking arms R, which
are mounted and move freely on the same
spindle z that carries the drum x. The rocking
arms R are actuated by the crank disc s, crank
pin T, and connecting link vu. The crank disc s
is attached to spindle v, revolving in bearings in
frame w and side frame B, to which the frame w
igs attached. From the looping roller q the film
passes partly round the drum x, and is provided

with small holes y spaced at equal intervals |
around circumferential lines on its periphery. —

The drum x is attached to spindle z carried in

bearings in side frames » and frame w. The
film is held in contact with the drum x by means
of a roller 1 driven by drum x, and provided with
pins to work in the holes y of the drum x and
engage with the perforations in the film.

The apparatus may be used for perforating
films, as any unperforated film which is passed
between drum x and roller 1 when they are
revolving will be immediately perforated.

To perforate films, another roller is employed
with projections specially made for the purpose,
the said roller being arranged to take the place
of roller r.

The roller 1 is mounted on the swinging
arm 3, pivoted at 4, and kept against the drum
x and film by a spring 5. A catch 6 is
provided, which throws the roller 1 in and
out of gear with the drum x. :

After leaving the roller 1 the film passes to
a bobbin 7 which slides on and rotates with -
the spindle 8.

Motion is imparted to the apparatus through
the driving spindle 9, revolving in bearings in
side frame B and frame w. To this spindle 9
is attached the crank handle 10 and the
toothed wheels 11 and 12. Wheel 11 drives
toothed wheel 13, attached to drum spindle z,
and wheel 12 drives the train of toothed
wheels 14, 15 and 16.

Wheel 14 is attached to crank disc spindle v.

Wheel 16 is an idle wheel connecting wheels
14 and 16.

Wheel 16 is attached to shutter spindle r.

On the drum spindle « is fixed the groove
pulley 17, driving the grooved pulley 18 by
means of a suitable continuous spiral spring 19,
stretched over both pulleys.

The grooved pulley 18 is attached to the
spool core spindle 8.

On the shutter spindle p is fixed a grooved
pulley 20 driving the grooved pulley 21 by
means of a continuous spiral spring 22 stretched
out over both pulleys.

The grooved pulley 21 is attached to a
spindle 25 carried in brackets 24 fixed to side
frames BA, spool core 25 slides on and rotates
with spindle 23.

The spool of film 26 to be rewound slides on
and rotates on the spindle 27, which is attached
to the spindle c by means of the sleeve 28,
and the rewinding is effected as hereinafter
described.

The spool of film s is placed on spindle c,
and passed through the apparatus to the spool
core7,

On turning the handle 10 the various
toothed wheels and spindles.on which they are
fixed revolve.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. v.

J. BONNEVILLE,

208, St. John St., Clerkenwell, London, E.C.

Maker of Limelight Anvaratus.

Z)

THE “BONNEVILLE” JET.

This Jet is constructed on the Ejector principle, with
certain improvements and modifications. It can be used
either as a blow-through or mixed jet, without any altera-
tion, giving a good light and silent in action.

PRICE 17/6.
Blow-through Jets

Mixed Jets .. oe s
EQUAL TO THE BEST,

from 7/6
» 8/6

Repairs to Lanterns, Cinematographs, Scientific
Instruments of all descriptions, and
Model Engines.

208, ST. JOHN ST., CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.¢.
ON ARTISTIC KO

Pantern Slides

ARE PUBLISHED BY

GRAYSTONE BIRD,

Photographer, BATH.

TEN PRIZE MEDALS FOR SLIDES.
NEW SUBJECTS, 1899-1900.

Beautiful Studies of Children— Sheep Studies—Barnum's

Procession— Large Series of Artistic Studies by the Sea—

Genre—Fishermen and Vessels—Sea and Sky Effects—

Sunsets— Beautiful Series of West Cornish and St. Ives’
Scenery—etc.

TESTIMONIAL,—“ The definition is superb. a point that is
entirely lost sight of in most trade photos. Your Slides leave nothing
to be desired in tone, definition, and transparency of the whites.”

Epmunb H. Wikre, West Hampstead,

LISTS FREE. TRADE SUPPLIED.

CRETON LIME CYLINDERS

Are unsurpassed for Brilliancy of Light and Hardness of
Lime. The Best and Cheapest on the Market.
- « . ONE TRIAL WILL PROVE THIS FACT. .. .

Send for Prices and Particulars to the Manufacturer of the
CRETON LIMES,

H. NOYCE, 85, Nunhead Lane,

PECHHAM RYE, S.E.

ONE SQUEEZE
ONE PICTURE.

A few Testimonials in praise of the Pneumatic
Carrier,
Downey's Livinc PHOTOGRAPAS,

17-19, Eivon Street, SouTtH SHIELDS.
Dear Srr,—I have deferred acknowledging receipt of
Pneumatic Slide Carrier till I tried it in public exhi-
bition, and can now say I am more than pleased with its

working, and the excelient effect secured on the screen.

Faithfully yours,
FRED. DOWNEY.

27, CamBRIDGE SrreEr, TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
Dear Sir,—I have much pleasure in enclosing cheque
in payment of Lantern Slide Carrier supplied, and I may
say I consider it perfect in every way, in fact I do not
think it possible to improve it. It works beautifully,
and I am greatly pleased with same
Yours faithfully,
W. B. CASSINGHAM.

Send for List of Testimonia.s. Every Carrier sold
brings a Testimonial.

IT send these Carriers out on three daye’ trial, and
have only had one returned this season.

Verb. Sap. Full particulars from

F, W. HUDLASS,

PHCNIX WORKS, SOUTHPORT.

- THOMAS’S

PLATES AND FILMS,

ORDINARY or ISOCHROMATIC, -
‘ IN THREE RAPIDITIES. ve i 38 eee
WHITE. LABELS.

MEDIUM ORDINARY.
EXTRA RAPID do.
“AI” > do.

YELLOW LABELS... |

MEDIUM ISOCHROMATI
EXTRA RAPID do..
a) A 1 ” do. f
The Extra Rapid are three times and “A” six times faster than the Media:

PLATES 3 1/- 23 4 4/3| Ri W. THOMAS & Co,, Ltd,

Pact Ma.t-Facrory, ae
THORNTON HEATH,

FILMS =: 1/6 33/8 } 6/6

Sr

OPTICAL LANTERN LECTURES,
By RALPH DARLINGTON, F.R.G.S

My Travels in Egypt and Experiences on the Nile—150 Slides.
My Travels in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor—100 Slides.
Across North Atrica—90 Slides.

Pompeii, Past and Present, and the Bay of Naples—80 Slides,
The Sights of Rome—S0 Slides.

Constantinople and its People.

Prospectuses and Terms for Lectures on Application.

R. DARLINGTON, Greenheys, Llangollen, North Wales.

Please mention this Journal when corres ponding with Advertisers.

vi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

TH E BO E RS ™ Their Country, their Ways, their By Rey. J. H. RIDDETTE,
a Neigh bours, and their War. Three Years an Outlander.
This set of slides, prepared not from drawings or illustrated papers, but from photographic negatives,
is of the greatest interest and value, and that interest is permanent and not ephemeral.

The lecture has been arranged by the Kev. J. H. Riddettc, who has himself been an “ Outlander,” and who writes, therefore,
from personal knowledge of the country and people. The lecture is of absorbing interest, and full of solid information. Many of
the slides are prepared from My. Riddette’s own negatives. In this set we see the country of Paul Kruger, its cities, gold mines
and mountains. We learn who the Boers are, and get a glimpse into their customs. We gain acquaintance with their neighbours
north, south, east, and west; and are clearly informed of the causes which led up to the present war.

We have made arrangements whereby the production of this set will be continued NIGHT and DAY, our men working

in shifts. ORDERS SHOULD BE BOOKED EARLY, AND WILL BE DELIVERED IN ROTATION.
“LIST OF SLIDES. All from Photographic Negatiwes.
INTRODUCTORY. THE BOERS’ WAYS, 41a. Me Geet rede.
ast—
1. Cape Town—Addcricy Street 23. The “Great Trek "' : 42. Delagoa Bay
2. Cape Town—Standard Bank 24. Shooting Lions (from a print) On the South—
8. Cape Town—House of Assembly 25. Fighting the Natives 43, Bloemfontein—Panoramic View
4 Wynberg | ‘ 26. A Kafr Belle 44. Bloemfontein—The Presidency
5. Port Elizabeth—Main Street 27. Kathy Matrons 45. Blocmfontein—The Raadzaal
ju. East London 28. A Typical Old Boer 46. Bloemfontein Cathedral (interior)
6. Kimberley 29. ‘Cransporting Timber ‘
7. WKimberley—Kattir Miners 30. Typical Bocr House and full Tent
: Waggon THE BOERS AT THE WAR,
THE BOER COUNTRY. 31. Off loading 47. Boer Commando ana Field Cornet
. 32. Notion of Taxation san Leds
8 Map 33. Neglect of Education 48. Boer and Nordenfelt Gun
9. The Post-cart 34. Nachtmaal 49. Boer Artillerymen

10. Crossing the Vaal

50. Armed Boers in Camp
1. Barberton

35. President Kruger 51. Laing’s Nek

12. In the Drakenberg range , 52. Amajuba

13. Bridle path to Swazieland THE BOERS’ NEIGHBOURS. 53. Relief Map of Natal

14. A Barberton Gold Mine On the West— 54. Ladysmith

15. Johannesburg—A Gold Mine 36. Mafeking---The Mayor's Residence | 55. Ladysmith—Another View

16. Johannesburg Railway Station—In- 37. Mateking—The Camp 55a. Sir George White—Ladysinith’s
terior 38. Mafeking Mounted Police | Defender

17. Johannesburg Post Office 39. Mafeking—Bayonet Exercise i 56. Pietermaritzburg—Church Street

18. Johauncsburg—Between the Chains 39a. Mateking’s Defender—Col. Baden- | 57. Pietermaritzburg—Market Square

1. Johannesburg—Comimissioner Street: Powell i 58. Durban—West Street

20, Johannesburg--The Racc Course On the North-- 59. Durban Town Hall

21. Pretoria—The Raadzaal 40. Bulawayo—Government House 60. R.M.S. “‘Dunottar Castle”

22. Pyretoria—The Club | 41. Bulawayo—Mr. Rhodes’s Farm 60a. Sir Redvers Buller

READING—ONE SHILLING.

ges 70 Sets of ‘The Boers’’ were sold in 10 days.
RUDYARD KIPLING’S

“THE ABSENT-MINDED BEGGAR.”

1. When you've shouted '' Rule Britannia ” 5. They'll put their sticks and bedding up the spout
2. He is out on active service 6. He chucked his job

3. There are girls he married secret 7. While he saved the Empire

4. There are girls he walked with casual 8. While their Daddy hammered Paul

9. (Chorus after each verse) Pass the hat for your credit’s sake

ger A RECORD ! 38 Sets sold in two days. SRy

All the above 12s, per doz. plain, 21s. per doz. coloured.
Additional Negatives from South Aftiea are being received weekly.

Send for particulars of

THE “ RILFORD” AUTOMATIC OXYGEN GENERATOR, THE “LAWSON” ETHER SATURATOR, &c. &c.
Send Penny Stamp for Illustrated “Rilford” Pamphlet.

May be had from any Wholesale Dealer, ov direct from

RILEY BROTHERS, Limited, °° ** °” S°°™™ SS5Sbrono.

Makers and Patentees of all kinds of Lanterns, Cinematographs, Generators, ‘‘ Lawson" Saturators, Screens
and Stands, Tripod Stands, Lantern Slides, etc., etc. Illustrated Catalogues, post free 6d.; Hire Lists, gratis;
‘‘Praestantia’’ Pamphlet, 1d., Operators’ Guide (7th Edition), 33d.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 5

The drum x revolving causes the roller 1 to
revolve, the projections 2 on which engage with
perforations in the film and so draw the film
through the apparatus to the spool core 7
where it is wound up. At the same time the
looping roller Q is being moved backwards and
forwards, the effect of which is the drum x and
roller 1 continuously revolving is firstly to form a
loop in the film with the result that the required
portion of film is drawn through the gate L from
the spool 5; secondly, on the return movement
of said looping roller Q that portion of film
which formed the loop is drawn through by
drum x and roller 1 without moving the film in
the gate or unwinding from spool s.

The shutter 0, continuously revolving, is so
arranged that when the film is stationary in the
gate the openings in said shutter are opposite
the gatc and permit the passage of light through
the apparatus, whilst when the film is moving
the segments in shutters are opposite gate and
so intercept the light.

The various parts driving the looping roller
are so proportioned as to always keep said
looping roller in contact with the film, and the
looping roller being also mounted on the same
spindle as the drum x, its distance from
periphery of said drum will be constant. It

~ bound with tape all round. A frame is made of

: mixed with some

_ one is very great indeed.

will therefore be seen that the strain upon the |

film while passing through the apparatus will
be normal, unevenness will be rendered im-
possible, and the danger of tearing the film
reduced to a minimum.

When a film is to be rewound, the spool 26
is placed on spindle 27, and the core 25 on
spindle 23. The rewinding may however be
done whilst another film is passing through the
other side of the apparatus.—14861 of 1897.

Lantern Screens, Sheets,

Frames.
By THOS. J. SMITH.

OR
( Yygi?N HE words “screen” and “sheet”
9 x being often used indiscriminately,

what is known technically as one,
and the other.
of some material which ought not to let

window blind fashion on a batten and

be at the bottom. A sheet is, or ought to be,
made of closely woven linen or calico (which is

to be had up to 9 feet wide), stitched together |
to form the required size and hemmed and '

and |

perhaps it will clear the air to state |
A screen is made |

any light pass through, and is fixed |

wood or bamboo in suitable lengths, rather
larger when put together than the sheet, which
ig then stretched on it till not a crease or
wrinkle is visible. The screen is the best, but
awkward for travelling. The sheet and frame
being portable are the best substitute. All
screens should be recoated each autumn with a
wash of pure Chinese white, or else whiting
size and a little blue,
the latter being cheap as well as good.
Sheets if soiled in, the creases or otherwise
rather dirty should be washed. They will
let more light through than before, but are far
preferable to a dirty or marked sheet which the
greater light only shows up the more. A good
sheet with care will be passably clean for two
winters, and all who value the best results
would do well to sell their soiled one, when
washed, for a fair sum and get a newone. The
difference in cost will repay itself in much finer
results. Doubtless to some the use of a frame
will seem unnecessary, but the difference
between pictures on a tight sheet and a hanging
This will be apparent
from the fact that a perfectly white, smooth,
opaque surface, free from cracks, creases,
streaks or other marks, is

absolutely the best

. for lantern work. Supposing then that some
‘readers are already after something better
. than they have hitherto put up with—and it

is astonishing what some lanternists, and
still more some audiences will put up with—
the question should be asked: What kind of
article will best serve our purposes? for in

; this connection it is a fact that the same sum

will procure the most suitable, or in some

, cases absolutely the most unsuitable article,

; appearance and results.

and yet in each case the buyer may have
intrinsically full value for the money paid.
Firstly, if the displays are in one building, a
roller screen is by far the best for convenience,
For use at home or
in small rooms, a very good and cheap one is of
white cartridge paper, that obtainable at
artists’ repositories, 5 feet wide. This with a
lath top and roller bottom, mounted like a map,
or even two pieces of suitable picture framing,
is excellent. Then there are the reversible
cloth ones, of a kind of slate colour on one side

| for a background in photography, and with a
roller; the latter being usually heavier, should |

white surface on the other side for use with the
lantern. Coming to larger sizes, if economy
must be strictly considered, stout sheeting,
well sewn and well hung on roller and batten,
with two or three coats of propsr whitewash

6 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

will make a fairly good article but not light-
proof. The correct article is made of suitable
canvas with a prepared surface so that
practically no light gets past the whitened
surface, and this means greater brilliancy in
the pictures, and with proper care, economy in
the illuminant. Such an article is best obtained
from a reliable dealer, and a half sovereign more
laid out at first will often prove to be a real
economy in the long run and a greater pleasure
in use. For general guidance it may be said
that while screens are best fixed where they
may remain the year round, still it is not an
absolute necessity, and with care, and by
hanging it accordingly, any reasonable size may
be removed after each display without injury.

The most suitable size of screen for use in
one place depends on so many factors, viz.,
height of hall to ceiling (sometimes very low),
length of hall, dimensions of recess, if any,
height of platform. etc., that

skilled advice

should besought. It is not always best to erect as
big a screen as can be possibly used. Very often a

medium-sized picture on a screen filled to the |

edges, while always looking better, will be found
quite big enough for those at the back and give
tar more pleasure to those at the front, who
generally have the worst view and pay most
for it.

Secondly, if the displays are not to be confined
to one place a sheet is most suitable (or more
than one, say two different sizes), though it
often repays the care necessary to send a screen
safely. The question now arises, what size of
sheet: or sheets. Those requiring more than
one sheet will certainly not need this article to
help them, so the one sheet simply may be dealt
with. It must be at once noted that practically
half the light from the lantern passes through a
sheet and is lost as far as illumination of the
picture is concerned. It is therefore a good
maxim to have a small picture brightly lit than
a large one and poor light. To begin with, a
9 feet square sheet, being obtainable in one
piece without any seam, is a very good size, and
filled to the edges with a full square picture, is
by no means to be despised, except in large
halls. Coming to a larger size, say a 12
feet picture, this will be found in the great
majority of cases to be quite large enough for
the great part of the audience to see comfortably.
And it must always be borne in mind that the
extreme light power of the lantern being de-
veloped, would in the one case be covering
only 81 square feet, whereas in the other case,

the same quantity of light would, so to speak, |

have to be spread over 144 square feet in a
correspondingly thinner layer or coat, the
principle being just as if the light were a fixed
quantity of paint and had to cover 81 square
feet in one case and 144 square feet in the
other. Of course, larger sizes are used and
needed, up to 20 feet as a regular occurrence.
But if purchasers will bear in mind the
requirements of their particular case, there
need not be much difficulty in deciding upon
either a 9 feet or a 12 feet.

Thirdly, in every case far better results are
attainable by properly stretching a sheet on all
four sides than by merely hanging it in mid-air
on a wall. What is more objectionable, after
dirt, than a deep crease right across every
picture displayed, or a fold, one side or both,
throwing part of the picture out of focus? A
cheap frame can be made from broom handles
with tin ferrules and corner pieces for joining
them together, the lengths, of course, being cut
so as to suit the frame to the sheet, leaving, say,
3 inches or more from top to bottom and from.

‘side to side (measured inside the frame), to

allow for stretching of the sheet and slight
sagging of the fra:.e. Better and more sightly,
of course, is one made of bamboo, each length
being plugged with wood at each end, and this
made true to fit the brass ferrules (or lacquered
tin) closely. A very strong and serviceable one,
rather heavier, but able to stand great strain
and wear and tear, and one that will not sag in
the least if the ends fit the ferrules exactly, can
be made of ash or other hard wood, as light as
possible, with stout brass ferrules of 18 to 20
gauge and say 13 in. diameter, and in this case the
frame need be made very little larger than the
sheet, which should then fit close up to or just
hide the poles even, and this makes a really fine
appearance, especially when filled as far as
possible to the edges with the pictures.
When a sheet is to be thus tightly stretched
the frame should be provided with two feet, each
like this (side view), slipped on at each bottom,

~

corner, and cords from the extremities of each
foot to a stout screw-eye in the upright part of
frame (say 4 feet from the ground) will enable
the whole to be made rigid either in a perpen-
dicular position or slanting forward to .allow
of the lantern being tilted, and when once made
taut the whole erection may be even raised on
four chairs quite safely, and thus the picture be
clear of the heads of the audience.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. vii.

THE DEMENY CHRONO-PROJECTOR.
oi

A Standard American
Gauge Projector for
Amateurs
or Professionals,

Will throw a
STEADY
BRILLIANT
PICTURE,
20 feet square.

SILENT, SAFE,
AND
FLICKERLESS.

An...
INTERESTING PAMPHLET

on Cinemato or Chrono
Photography will be
sent post free on receipt
of application.

feniie we oePost OAKS? 7
FILMS.
The LUMIERE and ELGE Collections contain 1,400

Subjects from all over the world. Illustrated
Catalogues post free.

LUMIERE’S DEVELOPERS.

Highly recommended for
Cinematograph Films.

DIAMIDORESORCINE.
A Most Economical Developer, only a weak solution
of Sulphite of Soda being necessary. Renders easy

the correction of errors of exposure during develop-
ment. Per ounce, 2s. 3d.

HYDRAMINE.

A new product of such energy that a very smal
quantity will make a concentrated developer, which
will work until the liquid is entirely exhausted.
Remains colourless. Does not stain the fingers.
Works steadily and rapidly in conjunction with
‘Caustic Lithium as an Alkali. Per ounee, is. 10d.

LUMIERE’S

NEW LANTERN PLATES

ara sonia and Technique).

ig a L. GAUMONT & Cox

25, Cecil Court, LONDON, W.C.

Can be fitted to any existing jet.

“Primus” Triple Lime Support.

REGISTERED NO. 346,765.

By means of this piece of apparatus one, two, or three
limes can be kept in readiness, and brought into position
by simply turning a knob.

To bring the second lime into position, all that is
necessary is to remove the spring catch with one hand, and
turn the ordinary lime-raising knob with the other until
the lime revolves into position, which is again clamped on
releasing the spring catch.

FITTINGS COMPLETE.
Price 10/6 Ready for fitting to Limelight Jet
Fitting to ordinary Limelight Jet from 2/6.

TWO NEW SETS OF SLIDES.

A BIT OF OLD BLUE CHINA; or, Ye Legend of
Ye Willow Pattern Plate.
An interesting selection of slides fully describing the
history (in tale form) of the Willow Pattern Plate.

Consists of 21 Hand-Painted Slides, PRICE 42/~
including Reading.

THE STORY OF CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE.
This beautiful series of slides illustrates the removal
from Egypt and subsequent erection of Cleopatra's
Needle upon the Thames Embankment.

Beautifully Coloured, PRICE 50/- including 25
Slides and Reading.

W. BUTCHER & SON,

GAS TUBE
ADJUSTERS.

These little fittings,
although only trifles in
appearance. will be
found wonderfully ser-
viceable in every Lan-
ternist’s Outfit, for such
purposes as connecting ;
tubing to gas brackets, preventing the tubing from
kinking, and also for arranging the tubes in any position
required. They are each made on swivels so that the
tubing can be turned in any direction.

Price Gd. per box, including one pair of each shape.

Blackheath, London, S.E.

Write for fall Particulars.

vii. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
THE “ABINGDON” SAFETY Established 1886.

Acetylene Gas Generator.| FREDERICK J. STEDMAN,
“avo meoves. | Trantetn Slide Maker

N immense success. No e
trouble. No waiting.
Needs no attention when a! re! Golourist,
once started. No gas escapes i
when lights are turned

Safe ‘Shuple. ieient Il, ROSE TERRACE, SURREY LANE,
Cc be rechar;

lights are burning. Acknow- BATTERSEA PARK, LONDON, S.W.
ledyed by practical experts
to be the best for lantern
work. Every apparatus

“eee |BOUND YOLUMES

The “ Moss” Lantern
Jet will give a brilliant
picture 30 feet from the

screen. Price 10/6. THE OPTICA L

SPECIAL NEW LINE.—A Four-Burner Jet, each

Burner under independent control. One, two, three, or four
Burners may be used at once. Magnificent light.
Acetylene Dissolver.—Fvery possible adjustment. Lights

cannot be accidentally turned ont.
Acetylene specialitics of all kinds, Carbide, Burners, etc.
Also Incanto, Lever, Aladdin, and all reliable Generators. t=}. FOR 1899 «wee

R. J. MOSS,**swiens.S** || NOW READY. PRICE 3s.

97, GREAT HAMPTON STREET, BIRMINGHAM.

Philipp Wolff «>

: the Market.

WA UB ECT /Gomic PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF ADDRESS:
coe | Finms. | 46, Strand,
Boers attacking English Battery.

Shooting a Boer Spy. : | Bathers Disturbed. . Chari ng Cross,

rtillery i i Tl bstituted Battle. w.c.
Ar allery in Action. : on stituted Battle = New Lner Now Reavy.
Fort in Action. D.T.’s.

Charge of 12th Lancers. And Hundreds of others Telegrams—“INFILMED, LONDON.”

PATENTS and TRADEMARKS.

W.P. THOMPSON & CO.,
piscoveny Lonbon. 322, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. = xeisenone.Ne.
Also.at 6, LORD ST., LIVERPOOL; 6, BANK ST., MANCHESTER; LOWER TEMPLE ST., BIRMINGHAM.

Patents secured, maintained, defended and worked in all countries. Oppositions conducted, searches made,
opinions on infringements given, and expert evidence arranged.
Trademarks, Designs and Copyrights secured and defended in al] countries granting protection.

Handbook of Patent Law. Tenth Edition. British Portion, 6d. All countries, 2s. 6d.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTERN
_ JOURNAL

Photographic Enlarger.

Edited by J. HAY TAYLOR.

VOLUME X.. JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1899.

VOLUME, Bound in Cloth, Boards, 3s.

PUBLISHED BY
THE OPTICAL MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL COMPANY, LTD.,

9, CARTHUSIAN STREET, LONDON, E.C.

INDEX TO VOL. X.

A

“ Accidental"’ lantern slides oe
Acetylene for lantern and enlarging
Acetylene gas and its generation
Acetylene generator, A miniature
Acetylene generator, Compensator
Acetylene generator, The Reliance ..
Acetylene lamp, Aladdin
Acetylene lamp, Cubique
Acetylene Iamp, Wotan
Acetylene users, For ..

Adurol Hauff developer ‘
Advantages of plate-backing, The
Animated photography, About
Australia, Lantern notes from

B

Behind the operator
Biokam .. a

Bonneville jet .. : ed
Book illustration by photog raphy, On
Brown's acetylene jet . . 3%

Cc

Calcium carbide and New York rules
Calcium carbide residues...
Camera extension for copying, A simple
Charm in lantern work
Cinematograph camera,
camera in one, A .
Cinematographic exhibitions
Town Hall.
Cinematographic exhibitions—L.C.C. rules
Cinematographic exhibitions— Middlesex
rules ac xe
Cinematographic projector
Clothe the nahed 25
Common objects for the lantern
Convenient lantern slide box, A
Correspondence

printer,

D

Dark-room window with a modification, Tke

Developer, A new photographic

Dioramic effects, The correct presentation of

Dissolver, How to connect up a
Drey fusonia. unscreened

C.C.

Cages 7

PAGE
107

109

28

25

53

“ 41
13, 138
137

tng 40
83, 114
ee 90
ae 36
38, 52, 59
- 27, 57

V1.

46
136
100

12

18
114 |;

-. 180
.. 98

“and snapshot

46

and Birmingham

os 34
19, 117

70
14
168
ee 23
us 59

. 30, 56, 92, 104, 114, 140, 156, 172

65

.. 90
153, 161
. 71, 83

133

E
PAGE
East London, Hand camera experiences in is 8
Editorial table .. : oe . 32, 44
Experiences in open-air lantern work os .. 152
Explosion at Tiverton. es ras ar -. 159
Explosion at Tutbury.. ae ve a a -- 157
F
Fancy shapes for slide mats . Si ae ars 30
Flash light dangers. ae aA 3
Focusing device and holder for enlarging A -. 128
H
Hand-camera experiences in East London oe 8
Headaches at lantern exhibitions .. Pe ee... 221
Hints on lantern lectures 6s es 131, 143
Hints on summer work 7 dee aes 77
How cinematograph machines work a 72

Hydrogen-fed incandescent light for the lantern, A 146

I

Interesting experiment with the lantern, An a 61

L

Lantern and Perth School Board .. kee oe 20
Lantern at Birmingham as re i .. 158
Lantern, Common objects for the .. Ha is 23
Lantern. exhibitions, Headaches at . F ve 1er
Lantern, Interesting experiment with the . . . 61
Lantern lectures, Hints on 131, 143
Lantern mnemonics : 51, 60, 86 -
Lantern notes from West Australia, "\ few . 27, 57
Lantern reading, A novel .. we of ane 25
Lantern slide box, A convenient .. bins ‘ 59
Lantern slides and slide making 75, 87, 96
Lantern slides from line subjects Sia 110, 120
Lantern sermons justified... . - 126
Lanternist's outfit as it was—and is, The . tis -» 165
Lanternists, Physics for ae ae 6, 64
Large illuminations .. Su ia i 169
Lime cylinder factory, Starting a -. 95, 114, 140
Living pictures of long ago .. ae ie -. 148
London County Council ae - ae 2% 19

M

Miniature acetylene generator on trial

to
oO

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ix

A Combining Cinemato-
graph and Snapshot Camera,
Printer, Projector, Reverser,
and Enlarger.

FITTED WITH
TWO SPECIAL
VOIGTLANDER LENSES,

Price Complete, £6 6 O

BIOKAM
PROJECTOR only.

WILL FIT ANY .
- EXISTING LANTERN.

Price - £4 4 QO,

000OOOSOO000000OOHO08

SENSITIZED FILM (ength 25 feet).

Price 3/6 per Roll.

BIOKAM FILM SUBJECTS . .

(25 feet long). Price LO/-.

Send _ for _ Illustrated Galviogies.
|: For Sale by all Photographic Dealers.

THE WARWICK TRADING GO., Ltd., ..cow.c.tterreccos

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

x, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

THE MAGIC LANTERN : Its Construction and Use. Bound in Cloth, 6d.

DISCOUNTS TO 66 5) CATALOGUE
TRADE. POST FREE.
TRADE MARK.

“ OPTIMUS” MAGIC LANTERNS *:32° DRAWING ROOM +> LECTURE HALL.

Limelight may be adapted without alteration at an extra cost of 13/-, or in lien of lamp, 7/6.
Incandescent Gas Burner ii in 13/- si rr 7/6.

Fach Magic Lantern is cfficient for Exhibitions. The Lens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic Photographic
Combination with rack and pinion. It is fitted to a telescopic lengthening tube, so gaining increasea focal accommodation. The condenser
is composed of two plano-convex lenses of 4 inches diametcr. The refulgent lamp has three wicks, yielding*a brilliantly illuminated
picture, Each is in box (except the 21s. instrument).

Superior Japanned Metal Body. 30!= = : 5 : ;
Second Quality do a1l- Mahogany Outside Body, Lined with Metal, — ;
: e a : Japanned Fronts. Colle,e Lantern, Superior Japa:.ned Metal Body.

»>
48/-

LANTERN
PHOTOS.

Plain, L/-.
Coloured, 1/6.

ALL ACCESSORIES

At LOW PRICES.

CATALOGUE

“ Student's’ Perforated Russian Iron Body

College Lantern, Russian Jron Body,
Brass Sliding Tubes Post Free. Brass Sliding Tubes.

“SRen inks aoe cas Russian [ron Body, Adjustable Brass Superior Mahogany Outside Body, Lined with
Mahogany Body Lantern. Stage and Front Tubes. Metal,thighly-finished Brass Stage and.3-draw
Telescopic: Tubes.

Lantern Photographs of Various Countries and Peoplese—Plain, 1/-; Coloured, 1/6.

PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, ‘oss’ cists’ LONDON.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. Xl.

— HUGHES’
Specialties in Magic Lanterns and Perfect Cinematographs.

“HUGHES' GREAT MOTOR PICTORO.-

SCOPE for showing Animated Pictures. No PHOTO- -ROTOSCOPE Bi- UNIAL.
Shutter, therefore no flickering. 12 to 20 feet
Pictures. Perfection. Eclipses all others. No eyes
ache, no head ache, as with other shutter machines.
‘The improvements in this are beyond description.
It is most simple, and the
result magnificent. A superb
piece of mechanism.

HUGHES’
LIVING PICTURE
PHOTO-ROTOSCOPE:

A little gem instrument.
Flickering reduced to a mini- -
mum. Can be attached to
any lantern. Will give with
oil 4 feet pictures; limelight.
10 to 16 feet pictures.

Does not Tear the Films.

Price, with lantern coim-
plete, £13 13s. (as per sketch).
Without, £9 9s. Superior to
many machines on the market
costing £20 to £30 each. High-
class technical workmanship.

No Chains or Bands to get out of order.

HUGHES' PHOTO-ROTOSCOPE PEEP-SHOW.

he greatest money taker of the 19th Century.
Animated Pictures in the Open Air, Winter or Summer.
Twenty People can sce at one time. Nota toy, but high-class. :
Price complete, with machine, £21 10s. (See below. ) |

mm

Price ei 10s., including Two Malden Dissolving
laps, Special Jets, Back Pipes, etc.

“Grandly Illustrated Cinematograph ‘Lists of all Mr. Hughes’ Patent Machines, Camera Developing Apparatus, etc. 6d.
Hughes’ “ Essay on Cinematographs,’ * valuable to Purchasers.

MAGIG LANTERNS. Hughes’ Marvellous Pamphengos.

OYER 3,000 SOLD.

The finest Oil-lighted Lantern extant. Gives brilliant 12 to 14 ft. pictures.
NoSmell. No Smoke. No Broken Glasses. 4 inch finest Condensers and
large Front Lenses. Elegant brass Sliding Fronts. The £6 6s. reduced to
#4 4s. The £4 4s. reduced to £3 10s. Particulars free. The Universal
four-wick Lantern, 18s. 6d. Marvellous value. Handsome _ brass-fronted
Bi-unial Lanterns, £6 10s. Blow-through Jets, 8s. 6d. Mixed gas ditto, 12s.

Mr. Hughes has the Greatest Display of High-class Projecting Lanterns
and Effects, etc., the World has ever secn. The Docewra, the Grand, and
the Miniature Malden Triples. Superb instruments, as supplied to
Madame Patti, Professor Malden, Royal Polytechnic, etc. Before purchasing
get Hughes’ Grandly Illustrated Catalogue, 180 original Engravings, price
éd., postage 3d.; giving valuable information. Illustrated Pamphlets, 2d.
Price List of 60,000 Slides, 4d.; postage 2d. Cheapest and best Lantern
Outfits in the World. 50 beantiful Slides loaned for 3s.

par HUGHES’ STREET CINEMATOGRAPH

Or OUTDOOR PEEP-SHOW.
COINS MONEY

Polished Mahogany Body. Lined. WINTER OR
Brass Telescope SUMMER.
Draw Tubes. | A Huge Success.
Malden Dissolving Price from

Tapand TwoLime- | £214 10s. complete.
light Jets.

Three Sets of THE DUPLEX
high-class Lenses. -PEEP-SHOW
For 40 People.

Price £13 13s. Price £38 10s.
4 Allready to show: Tlustrated
Unprecedented Particulars, 2d.
value. -
Should be at least If You Want a first-class Lantern or Cinematograph Outfit,
20 guineas for such ; Go to Mr. HUGHES, Specialist and Patentee of the
a splendid outfit. Most Perfect Machines.
+tSTABLISHED OVER SO YRARS. NOTE THE ADDRESS:

Brewster House, 82, Mortimer Road, Kingsland, LONDON, N.

Please mention this ‘Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

xii. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

SANDS, HUNTER & Co,
Photographic Apparatus and Lanterns,

NEW AND SECOND HAND, BY ALL THE BEST MAKERS.
Lanterns and Operator let out for evening enter-
tainments for children, &c. Terms Moderate.

20, Oranbourne St., Leicester Square. London, W.O.

Dissolving View Magic Lanterns and Slides

Photographic Apparatus, Scientific Instruments and every
description of miscellaneous property.
R. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he holds Sales of the

above, every: Friday, at half-past twelve precisely, at his great
Rooms, 88, King Street, Covent Garden, London.

Gentlemen wishing to include property in these Sales are requested to
send particulars one week prior to sale,

BAMFORTH’S

life Model Lantern Slides,

ILLU STRATED SONGS, ETC.

DAA AAA NARA

The fLaraest Producer in the World.

Detailed Catalogue, 208 pages, post free, Bdl-

New Supple-
mentary List, 1899-1900, post free.

Slides made froin customers’
negatives by a Special Wet Collodion Process. giving good
results, even from poor, weak film negatives. Send nepative
for sample and terms.

JAMES BAMFORTH,
Station Road, Holmfirth, YORKS.

ve TT if
London Agent for ‘ MARRIOTT’S” NOTTINGHAM LIMES. The Most Durable and Incandescent Limé on the Market’

BEARD’S ECLIPSE SLIDE CARRIER.

PERFECT FOR SINGLE LANTERN DISSOLVING.

PRICE
10/6

The Easiest and Simplest Carrier for showing Slides in a
Single Lantern. Only one movement to produce the change,
which is similar to dissolving. All the Slides are put in and
taken out from one end. ‘The Best Carrier extant.

| BEARD'S REGULATOR AND GAUGE COMBINED.

Showing the quantity of Gas
in Cylinder during use.
Price, Regulator ith
branch fitting and coupling
for gauge and plug should
the gauge not be required,

35/-

Gauge, 3 inches diameter,
with spring back, check to
prevent sudden compact
from: pressure and latest
improvements,

30/-

ARC LAMPS, WITH EVERY ADJUSTMENT FOR OPTICAL CENTERING.
R. R. BEARD, Lantern Expert and Manufacturer, 10, Trafalgar Road, Old Kent Road.

Gwyer High-Power Jets

POWER

Are now used by all the Principal Lanternists.

We invite comparison. Price from 35s.
a EE aE IS OM ili Ah SALLE ET

Is Filled like a amp.
Absolutely Safe.
Could be Worked . .
by a Child.
7 oN Kx.
TRIAL ALLOWED.

<= 7

Write for Catalogue :

J. S. WILLWAY « SONS,

St. Augustine’s, BRISTOL.

° °

. °

THE
WELL-KNOWN
PICTURES OF
Durer,

Van Dyk,
Hals,

Art Historical
L—=——_

LANTERN SLIDES.

Over 2,000 Subjects.

al. \, Holbein, ASK FOR
Mich. Angelo \ catalogue.
PRICE Millet, eoo
PER DISCOUNT TO

Murillo,
Raphael, -
Rembrandt,
Rubens,
Teniers,

SLIDE
Mark 1.20.

THE TRADE.

All Slides sre
made from the

ORIGINAL
NEGATIVES Velasquez,
by the Da Vinci,

Five Art Establishment
of Braun, Clément & Co.

Watteau,

AND

SOLE AGENT: | MANY OTHERS.
Ed. Liesegang, Dusseldorf
SR aR SF SITET ETE TT OD

EsTaBLISHED 1854. (GERMANY.]

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

INDEX.

N
PAGE
National Photographic Exhibition .. 92
Negatives for enlargements and lantern slides 112

New apparatus, 12, 29, 40, 52, 79, 91, 113, 134, 155, 170
New light, A... : 74
Notes 1, 17, 33, 45, 57, 69, 81, "93, 105, 117, ‘141, 157
Notes and queries, 16, 27, 32, 44, 56, 68, 80, 92, 104, 116,
140, 156, 172

Novel lantern reading, A 25
O

Open-air lantern work, Experiences in 152

Operator, Behind the . lil

Optical and mechanical effects for the lantern, 10, 21, 34,
48, 84, 96, 118, 144, 159
Oxygen generator, Rilford .. .e 14, 155

P

Paris Exhibition novelty -» 106
Patent intelligence, 15, 31, 43, 55, 67, “79, 91, 115, 139, 155

171
Perth School Board and the lantern, The. . 20
Phantasmagoria lantern, Self-adjusting apparatus
for the ‘ 19
Photographs in natural colours, ‘Directions for
taking 67
Photo-rotoscope a8 79
Photography for lanternists .. 147
Photographic developer, A new 98
Physics for lanternists > 6, 64
Plate backing, The advantages of .. 36
Plea for more ‘‘charm "' in Jantern work, A 98
Prayer book, Slides for history of . 30
Pressure gauges, Testing 156
Prints from newspapers, To transfer | 18
Projection microscope 167
Prominent men in the lantern ‘world | 71

il.

PAGE
Refraction and reflection -6, 64
Revolving light slide .. 1

Roller curtain effect .. is ag 3

Koyal Photographic Society": "s Exhibition .. 117
S

Saturators, A word as to 12

Secco film 101

Shadowgram or silhouette s slides for the optical

lantern 5, 24, 39, 50, 63, 89, 102, 107, 123, 164
Slide making : 75, 87, 96
Slides, A convenient box for. is 59
Summer work, Some hints on 2 77
Starting a lime cylinder factory 95, ‘14, 140
Stereopticon, A new form of.. .. 103

Suburban London from a Photographic point « of

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Shadowgram or silhouette slides, 5, 24, 39, 50, 63, &9, 102,
108, 123, 124, 125, 164

Physics for lanternists .. 6, 64
Optical and mechanical effects for the lantern lou, 11, 21,
"22, 84, 35, 48, 49, 85, 86, 97, 9S, 119, 120, 144, 145, 160

“« Brown” acetylene jet 12
Aladdin lantern lamp 13
Rilford oxygen generator. 14
Cinematograph Company, Limited, M Projector” 14
Mask and mount cutter , : 15
Apparatus for the phantasmagoria lantern 20
Common objects forthe lantern... ee be

23 |

view 127

T
Through the villages 149
Traill Taylor Memorial Lecture 142
‘Triple lime support .. re ia .. 170

V
Village shows 151

W
Warm tones in slides—a little used process . 180
West Australia, A few lantern notes from .. . 27, 57
Wilkie’s mixed gas jet.. Ms 135
Window for dark-room 65
Word as to saturators, A 12
Spirit level 29
Enlarging and projecting lantern (Steward’ s) 30
Wotan acetylene lamp . 41
“ Reliance” acetylene generator 42
Primus printing frame oy aa ac : 43
The Biokam . A 46, 47, 48
Animated photography (film frame) - a 53
‘** Compensator " acetylene gas generator .. re 54
Convenient lantern slide box ‘ 59
Interesting experiment with the lantern 62
Reflection illustrated .. 64
Dark-room window with a modification 67

iv. INDEX,

‘ ILLUSTRATIONS.—Continued.

PAGE | PAGE
How to connect up a dissolver me as -- 71, 83 ! Wilkie’s solar mixed gas jet .. ats as «185
How cinematograph machines work ‘3 -- 73,74 Midget acetylene generator .. a we -- 185
Duplex photo-rotoscope ao = is er 79 : Bonneville jet .. Sg .- oi x -. 186
“Zenith ''camera.. a a3 he a 91 . Primus novelties a ane se os 136, 170
Starting a lime cylinder factory Be a 95 . ‘ Optimus” lanterns .. a ais ice .. 187
New form of stereopticon .. ba be -- 103 ‘'Cubique"' acetylene lamp .. 5 ss -- 137
No. 2 folding pocket kodak .. ae ae -- 114 Hydrogen-fed incandescent light for the lantern.. 146
Focusing device and holder for enlarging .. -- 129 . Correct presentation of dioramic effects .. 154, 162, 163
Simple camera extension for enlarging .. -- 1380 | Spearling’s children’s opaque lantern ey -. 155
Newton’s new lanternand slides... ee -- 134 ° Large illuminations .. a Be aig -. 170
Triple lime changing attachment .. és 134,170 — No. 2 folding Bull's-eye kodak bs 3 . 171

GUIDE TO PAGES OF VARIOUS MONTHS.

January, 1899 7 -. from page 1to page 16 . July, 1899 ae -. from page 81 to page 92
February, eg a 5 17 s 32 | August, Pr ei be ‘i 93 » 104
March, a an ee 6 33 ‘“ 44 September, ,, aig as da 103 « 116
April, 6 i ang a 45 is 56 October, ,, a3 a Ma 117 » 140
May, ri ate ee ‘a 57 33 68 ; November, ,, of ts “es 141 » 156
June, 7 69 ,, 80 ' December, ,, “ a » 1574, 179

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xill.

QPP 22 22.2.2 2.2.2, 2.9,9,9.9.9,9,9,9,9.9 9.0 0 ie
3e3i sESESESE ESESESERESORESEAOZESESEROSesOSeSEIOSE

— IF YOU WISH TO KNOW

1,—What focus of lens is required to produce a certain size of disc, at a given distance ;
2.—What size of disc can be produced by a lens of given focus at a stated distance ;

3.—What distance a lantern must be from the screen to produce a certain sized disc with a lens of
given focus ;

SEND 23d. FOR A

Ready Reference Table

(On Cardboard) By J. HAY TAYLOR.

FASTEN IT ON THE LID OF LANTERN BOX.

MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL COMPANY, LTD.,

9, CARTHUSIAN STREET, LONDON, E.C.

xiv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

J. H. STEWARD'S OPTIGAL LANTERNS

3-Wiek 4Inch With ELECTRIC LIGHT, LIMELIGHT, or OIL LAMPS
Lanterns, from OF BEST CONSTRUCTION.
£1 2s. 6d. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES GRATIS, Post Free.

THE DAVENPORT-STEWARD
ARC LAMP

Is Steady, Cool, Brilliant, and

j@ has Every Adjustment.

For Direct
z or

. Alternating
> Currents.

= NEW “SERIES” ‘OF SOUTH AFRICAN VIEWS,

Embracing many of the places of interest affected by the present War in Cape Colony,
Rhodesia, and Natal. List of 58 Subjects, including Mafeking, Aliwal North,

range River Bridge, Colesberg, and Bulawayo. Post Free.
Photographs from Nature, 1s. each; Coloured, 28. 6d. each. DAVENPORT: STEWARD PATENT ARG LAMP.
Published as faiern Slides by the Authority of the Cape Government Railways. Universal Pattern, £5 5s.

406, STRAND; 457, WEST STRAND; 7, es ST., LONDON.

Regt
30/-

BEST FOR BEST FOR

Cinematographs. OPTICAL LANTERNS.
Safety Gauge = OPERATORS. —~

nsf A Staff of Experienced Hands always available for Cinematograph, Lantern,
: or Limelight Work, with or without Apparatus.
Cylinders filled with :

the Richest Oxygen =
made from Chlorate| C!INEMATOGRAPH EXHIBITIONS A SPECIALITY.

of Potash. —s; Hundreds of Films in Stock. w=

III IPIIIAILAAALL LALA Lh hhh hhh hh hh hhh hhh hahahahahaha

A. CLARKSON & CO., PManceacturers,
28, BARTLETT'S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON,"E.C.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 7
te. ee

‘*By your leave!’”; and the tiny youngster
gazing in awe and fear at the huge iron monster
just ready to steam out of the station. :

Allthese one sees, and many more interesting
sights, and the slide we are now dealing with is,
as before mentioned, an attempt to illustrate in
a necessarily simple manner this bustling to
and fro.

For the purpose of constructing this slide the
usual wooden framework fitted with two glasses,
one fixed and the other movable, is employed.
On the inner surface of. the fixed glass p, Fig.
III., is painted in dead black the framework of a
railway carriage window, etc., as shown in Fig.
I. A few lines are also sketched on the glass

to represent the background of the station.

- On the same surtace of this fixed glass are
fastened two small blocks in position shown b
dotted lines in Fig. II. One of these blocks is

shown at K in the sectional diagram, Fig. ITI.

F Ss . Two figures as E and F (Fig. II.) are cut out of

ae HIS, the 11th slide of the shadow- | tin or any desired material in the shape shown,

cp gram series, is an attempt to depict | and pivoted to these blocks by means of two
)

By THEODORE BROWN.

i

the various scenes thatare presented | small pins. The position they will occupy
to a person sitting in the far corner | when properly fitted is clearly represented in
(<< of a railway carriage during the | Figs. I. and II.

time that the train is stopping at a It is important to notice here that in each
» Station. Every reader knows what a | figure a small part must be left at the bottom
ce large number of persons of every kind | to project over the block as shown.

and description, and of many different nation- Now to the inner surface of the movable glass
alities also, are continually passing toand froat | c (Fig. ITI.), is glued a small block H (Figs. IT. and
any large station whilst trains are being un- | III.). This is glued in sucha position that
loaded and reloaded. when the sliding glass is slipped along, this block

Here, one sees the city man hurrying along | will just touch the projecting ends of the two
to catch his train, the private gentleman clad in | figures Eand F and give them a slight swaying
his sporting habiliments, the tramp, with his | motion. Thus will be imparted the idea of the
ragged clothes and hawthorn stick, loitering . persons shifting slightly, etc., during the stoppage
aimlessly about, the ubiquitous porter wheeling | of the train.
his load of trunks and shouting his everlasting | To the exterior surface of the movable glass

secrion ||

Fie3

INVERTED ||| |

is fixed another block 3 (Fig. III.) bearing a The operator will of course see to it that there
small pin which is bent slightly upwards. is not a monotonous recurrence of the same

A variety of figures as in Figs. IV. and V., are figure, or a regular to and fro motion. He might
now cut out of any material—cardboard, tin, at one time make three or four pass across the
etc., and a small hole is pierced in the bottom screen in one direction, and only one in the
of each. opposite. If it is desired to make a figure go in

These figures are hung one by one on the pin | both directions, it is simply reversed on the pin.

$i4

Fic. 4. CHARACTERS

fastened in the block 3, and the sliding glass / A great variation may be introduced by using

then moved slowly along. figures cut out of celiuloid, and coloured with
The figure will pass in front of the carriage | the paints supplied for lantern slides. It is, in
window in quite a life-like manner. fact, advisable to have such a variety of figures,

When it hag passed right through the frame- as the effect is very pleasing. It will be under-

FIG. 3S. CHARACTERS

work this figure is taken off, another substituted | stood that when such a figure as B (Fig. IV.)
and the glass then drawn back. passes along, every part of his body will be

Care must of course be exercised that the | seen as he is in the background. He must,
figures are so placed in position that they will | therefore, be cut out of celluloid, and a
be facing the right way when they are | piece left at the extreme end for hanging
apparently walking along in front of the window, | purposes. The figure itself will of course be
for it would rather spoil the effect to see a man | blacked or coloured, the remaining part m being
walking backwards. left clear.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. XV.

THE OPTICAL

ee Lantern Journal

AND silesataia ible se UDBRGEY,

Ons asMestaa%

PUBLISHED ON THE Ist OF EACH MONTH.

J. HAY TAYLOR, Editor. Established 1889.

The only Monthly Publication devoted
entirely to the interests of Lanternists.

aed ta at ehh tte teth th hth hh th hth hh rene Sra

PRICE - TWOPENCE.

+% TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION +
12 Months 3s. Post Free. United States, 12 Months 75 cents, Post Free.

SUBSCRIPTION FORM.

To

THE MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL CO.,

LIMITED:
9, Carthusian Street, LONDON, aaede
Enclosed please find : , for which

send me THE OPTICAL MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL AND
PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER for twelve months, post free,

commencing

xvi. The Opti cal Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

JHE “CUBIQUE” ACETYLENE LAMP

Self-Acting.

LAMPE CUBIQUE PORTATIVE BY SGDG
L LEMENT s GILMER - PARIS

Free from Danger.

(PATENT.)
No Smell.

FITS ALL OPTIGAL LANTERNS.

SUPERSEDES PARAFFIN OIL LAMPS:

(1) As a Superior Illuminant. (2) For Simplicity of Working.

The Carbide Chambers take to pieces for Thorough Cleansing.

Works for an hour and a half.

Manufactured by
the Patentees,

~ GLEMENT & GILMER,

140, Faubourg St. Martin,
PARIS.

NEW PATTERN LANTERN,

i l me aT na

In Japanned Tin with 4 inch Condenser,
Double Achromatic Front Lens with
Shutter, and 3-wick sas nee
in Case

Ditto,

24/-
- 35/-

do., but in Russian Iron

TO THE TRADE.
Special Terms on the NOAKES' INTERMEDIATE
REGULATING TAP for JETS.

NOAKES & NORMAN,

23, Nelson St., Greenwich, S.E.

WILLIAMSON’S

(reno Film Works,

— _PRIGH TON: , a

| ppav ING now

CRS

TELEGRAMS ;

“FILMS, BRIGHTON.” greatly

increased facilities in
===! larger premises, improved
machinery, and a staff of
assistants trained to the
work,

J. WILLIAMSON

is prepared to develop and
| print for the trade in any

uantity, and to
TRIAL ORDER y

SOLICITED. Guarantee the —

Tllusteated Tis of Je on Pppicatons

PARANA ANY AN

PosTAL ADDRESS:

55, WESTERN RD., HOVE. BRIGHTON.
No connection with any other firm in Brighton or Londen.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 9

I think I have said enough now to prove that
this may be made a very effective slide.

As the sliding glass bearing the desired
figure is slipped slowly through the framework,
the block A coming in contact with the figures
x and F will impart to them a slight swaying

motion, and at the same time the audience will ,

see a person-walking by the window.

By the-exercise of a little ingenuity, the
operator can arrange his figures to please any
and every audience that he may be called upon
to entertain.

Some Points in regard to Oil
Lamps.

THE Om aNd THE Wick.
By GEORGE E. BROWN.

f LY HOUGH many lanternists still
continue to use the oil lamp, there
are probably many who have never

ys S\ considered it from a somswhat
=) \ scientific point of view. Years ago
Zag Faraday delivered at the Royal

7 Institution a series of lectures to
J children on the chemistry of a candle
showing, in his own inimitable manner, the
many questions of absorbing scientific interest
bound up with the combustion of the humblest
‘“‘dip.”’ . Much, in the same strain, could be said
about the oil lamp, but I wish to refer only to
those points which have practical lessons for
the lanternist. Let us think for a moment
what the production of a lamp flame involves.

In the first place, a flame is a vapour in an
intensely hot condition. If it is a luminous
flame, such as that of a candle or oil lamp, as
distinguished from that of, say, alcohol, then
this hot vapour contains either solid particles
or else heavy vapours.

Some flames contain solid particles, whilst
others owe their luminosity to incandescent
dense vapour. Any way, the first thing
to be achieved by a lamp is the production of a
continuous supply of vapour, and the second a
properly arranged supply of air to it, in quantity
such that no unburnt vapour passes away, but
yet in quantity insufficient to completely burn

up the gas, z.e., to burn it as coal gas is burnt:

in the Bunsen burner. An oil lamp is subject:
to the same chemical laws as a gas burner, with
the difference that the vapour is supplied
through the wick, and not directly as vapour.

It will thus be seen that there are two
qualities of the oil which are very important
from the point of view of its use in a lamp :—
First, its thinness, with which the readiness or
otherwise to rise in the wick is connected ;
and second, its—if we may coin a word—
‘‘vapourizability,” upon which depends the
readiness with which it gives off inflammable
vapour.

In regard to the first of these propertics,
practically all petroleum burning oils are thin
enough to be easily absorbed by the wick and
transinitted to the place of combustion. ‘The
second property is measured by the point at
which the oil commences to give off inflammable
vapour—the so-called “ flash-point.”

The which

in
ascertained is as follows :—The
shows the apparatus used as a standard means

way this flash-point is

illustration

of testing in this and other countries. The
instrument—Abel’s tester—consists of an outer
vessel of copper containing water, and an inner
one in which the oil is placed. This is provided
with a lid and sliding shutter, by drawing which
across two small apertures in the lid are

: uncovered. Both inner and outer vessels are

fitted with thermometers, and when a test is
being made the outside vessel is filled with hot

water, the oil placed in the inner cup, and:

:

w)

10 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

allowed to gradually rise in temperature. As
the thermometer reaches each separate degree
the shutter is drawn across, and as thisis done
a small flame (either from gas or oil) is brought
over one aperture. As soon as the oil reaches
the temperature at which it commences to give
off inflammable vapour a flash is seen inside
the cup, being due to the explosion of a minute
quantity of vapour with the air in the cup.
This test, which can be made with very great
delicacy, is often referred to as ‘“ Abel’s close
test.”

It will therefore be seen that the lower the
temperature at which an oil flashes, the more
profusely it gives off vapour, which must be
burnt, and the products of combustion con-
ducted away. This does not mean that a low
flash oil is better than a high flash oil from a
lighting point of view, because much depends
upon the construction of the lamp. A lamp
made to give the best results with high flash oil
will not do so with low flash, and vice versa.
Consequently, the practical rule is to find out
what brand of oil suits your lamp best, and use
that or one of similar flash point. All petroleum
oils are, of course, mixtures of various hydro-
carbons, but at the same time some are
mixtures the constituents of which are much
more similar in regard to flash point than
others. The objection to oils containing
mixtures differing in flash point is that the
lighter parts will fo some extent be used first,
and that the light will therefore suffer in the
later stages of the consumption. American oils
are more liable to this than Russian.

The wick is a part of the lanternist’s outfit
which is too often ignored. Its function—to
bring the oil to the scene of action—demands
that it should have several qualities, which we
can best enumerate by quoting Sir Frederick
Abel in 1885 :—

‘Wicks should be soft, and not tightly
packed.

‘* Wicks should be dried before a fire before
being used.

“ Wicks should be only just long enough to
reach to the bottom of the reservoir.

‘¢ Wicks should be so wide that they quite fill
the wick-holder without having to be squeezed
into it.

‘‘ Wicks should be soaked in oil before being
used.”

The smell of oil about a lamp is really the
smell of oil, and not the smell of the burning.
The products of combustion of a properly con-
structed lamp do not smell, and the objection-
able odour which is to be noticed, even to a

’ small extent after the most careful cleaning, is |

due to the access of oil to the outside of the
lamp, from which it volatilises as the lamp gets
warm, or to the imperfect combustion of the
oil, due perhaps to the wicks being turned up
too high. The best remedy for the first cause
is to bake the empty lamp well, and fill it care-
fully with a funnel; or as some have found
effectual, to let it burn itself right out after the
exhibition.

[The block of the Abel’s tester shown on
previous page is kindly lent by Messrs. Baird
and Tallock.}

Sm OY QS wk ee

THE GUV’NOR.

The Guv’nor is the name of a species of photo-
graphic camera introduced by Messrs. Withim
& Co,, of London, in order to definitely decide
the times at which employees arrived. The
illustration shows the instrument, which

ae

According to
the light (artificial or otherwise), the index
controlling the duration of required exposure is

measures 10 by 7 by 7 inches.

set. Hach employee stands with his face close
to the aperture and pushes the button below,

' The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xvii,

SILVER LANTERN SCREEN (Patent).
Lewis Wright and Anderton’s SILVER SCREEN

For Cinematograph, Lantern, and all other projection purposes.

Using a Silver. “Lantern Screen is equivalent to doubling the
brilliancy of illuminant, whether it be Arc, Limelight, Acetylene,
Incandescent Gas, or Oil Lamp, and cost of this great increase is
nothing after first outlay.

Each Screen is supplied with Roller and Moulding, and is as
Portable as any other.

PRICES.
£s. a. £s. da
5 teet by 5 feet .. 150 ro feet by 1ofeet .. 420 0
6 ,, fhe ce » 115 0 I2 4, I2 5, - 510 O
7 om Tony - 2650 IO 4, 12 415 0
8 ,, Sr 35 - 215 0 (For Cinematograph. )
9 » 9 - 376

Sole Makers:
R. FIELD & CO., 142, Suffolk St., BIRMINGHAM.
ESTABLISHED 1817.

SPECIAL.

Optical Lanterns, with 4 inch Compound Condensers and
Three-wick Lamps, 22-; with Four-Wick Lamps, 24/-. Hand-
painted Slides from 4d.; Splendidly coloured 3} by 33 Slides
in sets of 12, price 2‘6 per set; or four sets for 9/6. Full-sized
Changing Comic Slipping Slides, in mabogany frames, 7d.
each or 6/6 per doz. Lever Action Slides from 1/6 each.
Rackwork Slides (including chromatropes), 2/6 each. Best
quality double motion Interchangeable Chromatropes,
4/3; extra Discs from 6d. per pair. ‘“ Lightning’’ double-carrier
Frames, from 1/- each. Slides for small Lanterns from 5d. per
dozen. New Catalogue gratis and post free.

ROBERT H. CLARK,

Wlbolesale Optician,
ROYSTON, HERTS.

HORNTON-

IS THE

IGKARD|

BLIND

Capable ot giving

SHORT TIME EXPOSURES

Of 3, 3.4. and 1, 2, and 3 seconds,

Pe INSTANTANEOUS EXPOSURES

Up to 25 second.
TIME EXPOSURES
Of any Duration.
WituHout ViBRaTION.

Amber” & “ Ruby” Equal aia! 7 all over thed

CAMERAS Price from 12s, 6d.
J
New Patent Exposure Valve.
FOR HAND OR STAND, 95. Gd. oxic,

Price from £2 13s.6d. standard Pattern from 18s. 6d.

Illustrated Catalogues Post Free from

The Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Co., Ltd ,
ALTRINCHAM.

BRIN 'S OXYGEN.

For Limelight, Medical, Metallurgical, and other purposes.

OXYGEN of Guaranteed Purity supplied in Cylinders of the Best BRITISH
Manufacture, and complying with all the established Trade and Railway Regulations

The public are respectfully informed that all Cylinders which are filled by the Brin

Companiss (whether their own or their Customers) are labelled with the Companies’ Trade Mark.
This label guarantees the purity of the Gas, and is a further guarantee that the Cylinder has
been tested and proved sound in every respect by the Barn Company which has filled it. Cus-
tomers who wish to procure BRIN's OXYGEN aro requested to see that the Cylinders supplied
to them bear this label, which is also stamped with the date on which the Cylinder was filled.

The Works of the Bain ComPANIES are open during business hours to the inspection of
their Customers, who are at liberty to test the quality of Gas being manufactured, and to watch

their own Cylinders being tested and filled.

Registered
Trade Mark.

Price Lists of Gases, Cylinders, and all Accessories, can be obtained from the Company’s accredited Agents, or will be
sent Post free on application.

=

BRIN'S OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, 34, Victoria Street, WESTHINSTER, 5.W.

Addresses—

Works—69, Horseferry Road, WESTMINSTER, 5. W.

MANCHESTER OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Great Marlborough Street, MANCHESTER,
| BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN COMPANY. Limited, Saltley Works, BIRMINGHAM.

Please mention ‘this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

XViil.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and a Enlarger.

YORK & SON,
Optical Lantern Slide Makers.

We are the Largest Manufacturers in the World.

SIXTEEN PRIZE MEDALS.

SEASON 1899 and 1900.

THIRTIETH ANNUAL

Supplemental Catalogue

PHOTOGRAPHIC OPTICAL LANTERN SLIDES,
LECTURE SETS, Erc.,

Is NOW READY.
General Cataloque Ko.

Sent on receipt of Business Card.

67, Lancaster Road, Notting Hill,
LONDON, W.

Telegraphic Address:

“ VASSALAGE, Lonpon."'

IMPORTANT << LIMELIGHT USERS |

“ON BORLAND’S yom

PATENT SCISSORS ARC LAMPS

Direct and Alternating Currents.

Made in Three Types
Hand Feeding.
Self-Striking & Hand

Feeding.

The “Dot.” The only auto-
matic Arc Lamp in the
market which fits all ordi-
nary Optical Lanterns on
the limelight tray withou:
any alterations

Invaluable for Theatvical Purposes, Lantern Projections, Enlarging,
Printing, and Photographing.

Prices, Particulars, and Testimonials free on application to—

F. J. BORLAND,

Metallic
Bellows
Regulator

(BRIER’S PATENT)

PRICE 20/.

THE SCOTCH & IRISH OXYGEN CO., LTD.,
Rosehill Works, Polmadie, GLASGOW.

PRACTICAL
“= PHOICERAPHER

An Illustrated Monthly intended for the higher ranks of
Professicnal and Amateur Photographers. Devoted equally
to the art, science, and applications of photography.

W. WATSON é& SONS,
313, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.
THE

- MOTORGRAPH,

The Improved Pattern,
Fitted with a Take-up for
Films.

ise Price £8 85.

Steady.

WATSON’S NEW MIXED J JET with Special Cut-off

indispensable for all Hiyvh- a Exhibitions,

Easy to use. Docs not get out of order.

NEI SLIDE LIST, ‘Now READY.

New Effects. New Lecture Sets. New Tllustrated
Songs. New Flower and other Studies.

“wire -Sneepsvar Grove, LEEDS. W. WATSON & SONS, 318, High Holborn, London.

Please mention this. Journal when corresponding wae Advertisers,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

when an exposure is made on a film (after the
style of a cinematograph film). Situated im-
mediately above the aperture and inside the
box is a clock, which is also photographed
simultaneously with the employee. When
making up time sheets, ete., the developed film

We are

supplies the necessary particulars.
informed by the patentees that the special
chemicals supplied by them greatly facilitate
matters, and that by their use the records can be
made ready for checking attendances by an
office boy in less than half-an-hour.

:0,——————_

“l€
Cc

The following List, relating to current Patent Applica-
tions, is compiled expressly for the “ Optical Magic Lantern
Journal” by W. P. Thompson & Co., Patent Agents, of
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., to whom all enquiries
for further information should be addressed.

No.
23217,

Recent Patent APPLICATIONS.

21st November, 1899. Oscar Messter. Anim
proved apparatus for exhibiting or display-
ing a series of cinematographic or other
pictures. Complete.

24th November, 1899. John Ebenezer Bous-
field, of the firm of G. F. Redfern & Co.
(Angelo Salmoiraghi, Italy). A new cata-
dioptric projector.

28th November, 1899. George Hullingum. A
new orimproved method for photographing
and exhibiting moving pictures.

28th November, 1899. Walter White. Improve-
ments in apparatus for producing or
exhibiting colour photographs.

28th November, 1899. David Abraham Low-
thime. Improvements in magic lanterns
and similar projecting apparatus.

30th November, 1899, William Norman Las-
celles Davidson. Improvements in cine-
matographs for taking and projecting photo-
graphs in colours.

2nd December, 1899. William Britain, Junior.
Improvements in apparatus for taking.
projecting or inspecting series of photo-
graphs.

9th December, 1899. Charles de Vere and Carl

‘ Hertz. Optical device for changing cos-
tumes for theatrical purposes.

23484.

23679.

23685.

23742.

23863.

24039.

24549.

11

24551, 9th December, 1899. Charles de Vere. Au
improvement in the arrangement of mirrors
and transparent glaas for theatrical effects.

24557. 9th December, 1899. Alfred Pumphrey. Im-

provements in stereoscopes and in stereo-

scopic slides therefor.

SPECIFICATIONS ACCEPTED.

Copies of the following specifications may be obtained ia
remitting I/+ for each specification to W. P. Thompson
& Co., Patent Agents, 822, High Holborn, London, W.C.

620 of 1899. Sandell. Sensitised continuous film for

photographic and cinematographic pur-
poses.

1382 of 1899. Sanson. Panoramas with animated
views

12511 of 1899. Abel (Soc. International d'Ktudes Indus-
trielles.) Means and apparatus for re-
producing animated scenes by projection on
to screens or surfaces.
Roebuck and McMillan. Combined
kinematograph and magic lantern.
25110 of 1898. Debenham. Lenses for bi-focal spec-
tacles.
2528 of 1899. Dinitz.

——:0:

17965 of 1899.

Kinetoscopes and like apparatus.

OF 9SORGNONSHNOPD- SSI oS SS

ne Correspondence. E

VOTES OF THANKS.

To Mr. J. Hay Taylor, Editor.

Str,—The letter of F. W. C. introduces questions of
some interest. Theold practice of voting thanks to the
lecturer dies hard, but if his services are gratuitous, such
is merely an act of the commonest courtesy. The same
applies to the lanternist, but as long as he is the paid
servant of either the society or the lecturer, such & pro-
ceeding isto my mind quite uncalled for. If not. why
stop at the lanternist; why not proceed to vote thanks
to the secretary, chairman, audience, hall-keeper, printer
of the bills, and anyone else having a business connection
with the evening’s work? In this connection it may be
noted that at a professional entertainment the lecturer
usually thanks the audience in dismissing them, but at
a lecture of the ‘institute ” order the lecturer is thanked
by the audience as often ag not.

The fact is, all prefaces and additions to a lecture are
8 nuisance, and are too often utilised to kill time. The
chairman worries the audience (who have probably been
waiting some time) with his long-winded opening
speech, and they are in consequence less favourably
disposed towards the lecturer when he does get a start.
The concluding proceedings spoil any good impression
his efforts may have produced, and the audience leave
the hall thinking the evening “flat, stale, and unprofit-
able.”

Let a lecturer commence at the advertised time, get
briskly on to his subject, deal with it as if he knew what
he was talking about, wind up smartly, but not abruptly,
and the audience, departing with his last wordsin their
ears, wil] express enjoyment and surprise that the hour
is so late. The old-fashioned formalities surrounding
lectures are a3 much to blame as anything else for the
great decline in lecture going, and the putting up of the
shutters at so many institutes.

As to the ‘few shillings "’ to which F. W.C. refers,
surely if the lanternist is so foolish as to accept less
than a proper adequate fee, he has only himself to
blame. Cannot lanternists see that if they would only
stand together a little, they would soon become absolute
masters of the situation ?

In any given town, large or small, how many men are
thoroughly capable of a first-class exhibition, and avail-
able at short notice for engagements which perhaps
involves travelling 30 miles and staying over night ?

Yours truly,
AN OPERATOR.

GAS CYLINDERS.

To Mr. J. Hay Taylor, Editor.

Drak Srr,—There is an important question rc above
about which I should much like to see expressions of
opinion and advice in yourcolumns. Here is the case—
say I pay a subscription to a firm for 500 or 1,000 feet of
gas. I send my own cylinders to ba filled. When the
cylinders are returned to me, I always test them as early
as possible after their arrival. Very often they register
3, 4 or 5 feet short of the capacity of the cylinders, yet I
am charged for the full quantity. Suppose a 40 fest
cylinder if filled 10 times and 4 feet short each time,
you have just 40 feet, or in other words I lose just one
filling of my cylinder. Someone may be ready to say
that the fault is with my valve or gauge, and in reply I
would explain that the gauge registers 120 atmospheres
when the cylinder is full. I am determined not to pay
for more gas than I have. And why should I? If a
butcher charges for a pound more meat'than you find
he really supplies you would not pay him, why should I
pay for more gas than I really have? When you have
paid your subscription the firm can treat you as they
choose, it seems. What is the remedy? What with
cost of full cylinders home, and return of empties,
together with price of gas, the expense is quite heavy
enough now, without being charged for gas one never
consumes. How often should cylinders be tested ?

I am, yours truly,
CONSTANT READER.

—:0:—.

ROY once. ad
‘ Détes and Queries. ft

“CA”

Ernest Elliott writes :—Can any brother lanternist tell
me of anyone who is competent to take over a lot of effect
slides and correct the registration? I am_ looking
for someone who makes a trade of this kind of thing and
charges fair prices for the work.

T.—If it is your injention to both give the lecture and
work the bi-unial, you will find it necessary to be very
familiar with the subject, as a good deal of it will have
to be given without looking at the manuscript.

Rev. T, Perkins.—We thank you for the promise of a
copy of- your book ‘‘ Wimborne Minster and Christ-
church Priory ’ when published.

J. Jury asks :—Can limes be made by means of a tube

12 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

with a serated or saw-like edge, or must the lime be
turned in the ordinary manner on a lathe? Ans.—
They can be made in the manner you suggest. Some
years ago we knew of a person who fixed a tube such as
you speak of a3 a bit in a drill stock and simply bored it
as cften as possible into a large piece of lime. He vasa
well-known exhibitor, and his exhibitions were always a
success. We mention this because we quite expect
letters in further reply to say that it is impossible to
make limes in this manner, for some of the lime
cylinder makers imagine that no one but themselves can
possibly know anything about making limes for the
lantera.

Robert Slater writes:—Can you kindly give me an
explanation of what conjugate focus means, not with
regard to any particular lens of a given focus, but of any
lens? Ans.—The second part of your query is not very
plain, but anyhow, if you get a copy of this Journal for
December, 1892, from our publishers, you will find a
special article devoted to this subject together with a
working diagram. If you cut out this diagram and
attach the urms by means of pins, you will gain mora
experience than you will by any amouat of reaaing.

Theo Cooper.—We nots that no matter how much you
‘register’? your slides, you canno’ get the mats of all
your cushion slides to appear so coincident as you wish,
and that you want the opening of the mats when dis-
solving to be ‘dead steady.’’ In order to d> this you
must make two mats (say) of zinc; these must be
identical in size and fixed in front of the lantern con-
densers, and so registered, that when turning up one light
and the other down it will appear as one, They must,
of course, be a trifle smaller than your ordinary slide
mata.

Retired Manufacturer writes a long letter in answer to
that of Mr. Perry, which appeared in our October issue.
We cannot publish the letter in full as no good would be
done, but it goes on to explain that ‘Retired Manu-
facturer '’ endorses everything he said in our issue for
September, but regrets that he is unable to produce for
the benefit of Mr. Perry the signed agreements and
contracts of others relative to the controlling of certain
quarries by lime cylinder makers, also that when he gave
the information spoken of, he did so with the intention
of preventing intending lime cylinder makers who have
not had actual experience in this business from falling
into certain difficulties of which only those who have
been engaged in the business can possibly know anything
about.

A. H. Vidler.—You will find particulars of how to make
an opaque foldable screen in our issue for December,
1897. That and other- back numbers can be obtained
from our publishers.

Inquisitive.—(1) Burning out the hydrogen cylinder
should be left to Brins or other firms making a speciality
of it. By buroing out you will get rid of the deposit
which often results from keeping house gas under
pressure for any prolonged period, this it is which causes
the discolouration of the limes. (2) We believe Mr.
Walter Tyler, of Waterloo Road, makes contracts for
large supplies about the price which you quote.

Rev. J. Thomas.—Your letter will have early consider-
ation, but as it at present stands, it is simply an
advertisement for the firm whose apparatus you so fully
describe the working of.

F. G. Payne.—We cannot tell you where to get ‘a
good price’’ for yourold gas-bags. You can send them
to Stevens’s Auction Rooms, Covent Garden, and you
will certainly get rid of them, but you will have to ignore
the ‘‘good price” idea. There is practically no market
for old gas-bags.

F. H. Rountud.—Your letter was sent on to Mr. Drew.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Have you tried

for fine definition and rapidity?

Taylor, Taylor, & Hobson, Leicester & London.

C. W. LOCKE,
MAKER OF HIGH-CLASS LANTERN APPARATUS

For Nome axp ABROAD.
Everything connected with High-class Projection Work.

3 Guaranteed the Best
LOCKE’S SPECIAL LIMES, ie Beste

One Trial will Abundantly Prove.

LOCKE’S PATENT HIGH-POWER JETS with Finc
Adjustnicnt and Screw Valves.

DARLINGTON’S HANDBOOKS.

“Sir Henry Ponsonby is commanded by the
Qneen to thank Mr, Darlington for a copy of his
handbook.”

“Nothing better could be wished for."—
British Weeks.

“Far superior to ordinary guides."—Lozdow
Daily Chronicie.
zs.each. IlI'd. naps by ale Fie Bhoaeory: F.R.G.S.
The Isle of Wig e Channel Islands.
The Vale of Liangollen. The North Wales Coasts
The Wye Valle: he Severn ‘Valley.
Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, and St. Leonards.

Bournemouth and the New Forest,

xix.

Bristol, Bath, Chepstow, and Weston-super-Mare.
Aberystwith, Towyn, Barmouth, and Dolgelly.
Malvern, Hereford, Worcester. and Gloucester.
Llandrindod Wells, and the Spas of Mid- Wales.

APPARATUS and SKILLED OPERA TORS for LECTURERS.

7 Slides Made and Coloured; Best Work only. Everything 35. Gd. net. Go Mlustrations. 24 Maps and Plans,
ested Personally before Dispatch and nothing haphazard. AND . ENVIRONS.
- LONDON By F.C. COOK, and FE. T. CooxK, M.A.

Gratuitous Advice in all T. antern Matters.

Works : 244, Tottenham Court. Road, London, W.

Motto: “ High Effcicicy and No Misrepresentation,”

Llangollen: DARLINGTON € Co. Vondon: SIMPKIN & Co.

PHOTOGRAPHS. — Beautifut Photographs of Scenery,
Ruins, &c., in Italy, Greece, Turkey, Palestine, and Eyypt;
also North Walcs, 15., 18. 6d., and 2s. Complete List Post ree.

“INJECTOR” MIXED JET.

6X PRICE SOS. >:

This is the only Mixed Gas Jet which will work at full
power with coal gas taken direct from the town supply,
and oxygen from a cylinder. In order to effect this the
oxygen, on its way to the mixing chamber, is made to pass
through the small Injector | in the sketch at a pressure of
about 12 lbs. per square inch. In passing through the
Injector it sucks a supply of coal gas from the pipe H,
which is connected with the house pipe, and forces it
forward through the short pipe T into the mixing chamber
M. Here the mixed gases meet the baffle plate B, which
has the two-fold effect of silencing the passage of the
gases, and ensuring their complete admixture. The
mixed gases then pass through holes in the edge of the plate, and soto the burner. The requisite pressure
of oxygen is obtained in the ordinary way by a fine tap on the cylinder, or an automatic regulator fitted
with a high- pressure spring to deliver at about 15 lbs. pressure.

Five seasons’ experience has fully established the superiority of this Jet over all others. It will yield
THE FULL 1,800 TO 2,000 CANDLE-POWER (so-called) of the ordinary mixed jet when taking its supply
of coal gas direct from the town’s pipe, or even froma bag without any pressureatall. If atown’ ssupply is not
available, it will work just as well with coal gas from a cylinder. We cannot see why ordinary mixed jets
should be purchased which cannot offer these alternatives. As for blow-through jets, ejector or otherwise,
we do not know why they should be used at all, when with the same economy and convenience of working, the
Injector Jet will give two or three times the light. By removing the Injector nipple the jet becomes an ordinary
mixed jet. This can be done whenever it is desired to work with oxygen at low pressure, and coal gas from a cylinder.

The working of the Jet is simpler than that ofan ordinary jet. When the H tap is once adjusted, it does not need
to be touched again when using town's gas. The turning off or on of the oxygen supply regulates automatically the
supply of coal gas. This is a great convenience in actual use.

Most existing jets can be fitted with an Injector to enable them to take their coal gas supply from the house pipe.

THE

The Jet willin certain cases be sent on approval on deposit of purchase price. Further particulars free on application te

MANCHESTER OXYGEN (Brin’s Patent) CO. LTD.,
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester.

Please mention this Journal when corresponding with Advertisers.

xX.

9

8

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

A NEW PAPER FOR PRINTING AND DEVELOPING BY
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT OR SUBDUED DAYLIGHT.

No Dark Room required.
EASTMAN’S

DEKKO

PAPER

Can be EXPOSED, DEVELOPED and FIXED in an ordinary
room illuminated by GASLIGHT, LAMPLIGHT, or WEAK DAY-
LIGHT, WITHOUT RISK OF FOGGING.

Supplied in Four Varieties :—

GLOSSY DEKKO for Fine Detail and Finish. A Wigh)y En-

amelled Surface like Solio P.O.P.

MATTE DE KKO has a Fine Grain Velvety Surface of a Mauve

Tint. Gives Soft and Delicate Effects.

EGG-SHELL MATTE DEKKO. A White Paper of

Fairly Heavy Substance, with a Matte Surface, showing a Pleasing
Irregular Grain. Suitable for Pictorial Purposes.

MATTE ANTIQUE DEKKO. A Cream Tinted Paper

- with Surface like Hand-made Paper. Remarkable for Breadth of
Effect and Richness of Colour.

Sold in 1/- Packets, also in Sheets and Rolls.

KODAK, Limited,

SUCCESSORS TO

ALSO MAKERS OF
Solio, Matte Solio,

Royal Bromide, oa . a

Petit Bromide; EASTMAN Photographic Materials Company, Ltd.,

Extra Rapid Bromide, 43, Clerkenwell Road, LONDON, E.C.
Platino Broinide, Retail Branches: :

Matte Bromide, Nikko \ 60, Cheapside, E.C.; 115, OxfordSt., W.; 171-173, Regent St., W.

PARIS: EASTMAN KODAK Société Anonyme Francaise. Avenue d:. 'Opéra 5. Place Vendéme 4.
BERLIN: EASTMAN KODAK Gesellschalt, m.b H., Friedrich Strass¢ pr. Markgrafen Strasse gt,
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, Eastman Kodak Co

Fe

Gat

and X-Ray Papers.

Printed and Published by the Proprietors, TRE MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL Company, LTpD., 9 Carthusian Street, London, E.C.

aw eee

Digitized by the Magic Lantern Society
The Magic Lantern Society

http://www.magiclantern.org.u

Post-production coordinated by

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HISTORY

DIGITAL LIBRARY

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Sponsored by the ACLS Digital Extension Grant, “Globalizing
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